By Venus N Msyani
Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Minister Mulambo Haimbe represented President Hakainde Hichilema at the United Nations General Assembly in New York last September. Hon. Haimbe addressed the assembly on September 29th, the final day of the session.
While protocol dictates that ministers and permanent representatives typically speak later in the session, Zambia’s placement on the final day of UNGA 80th has sparked debate. Critics argue that Zambia was relegated due to democratic concerns.
Civil society organizations, religious leaders, and international watchdogs have raised alarms about Zambia’s deteriorating civic space under the United Party for National Development (UPND). The government’s use of laws like the Cybersecurity Act, the Public Order Act, and the Penal Code has been criticized as tools to suppress dissent and silence opposition voices.
In June 2025, Irene Khan, the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression, released a report following her January visit to Zambia. Her findings were stark: the misuse of legal frameworks to stifle free speech and political opposition is contributing to a rapid erosion of democratic norms. Khan warned that Zambia’s civic space is “shrinking at an alarming rate,” contradicting the government’s narrative of democratic progress (UN Human Rights Office).
The report specifically cited the Cybersecurity Act and Penal Code as mechanisms used to intimidate journalists, activists, and opposition figures. These concerns have been echoed by organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, which have documented arrests and harassment of critics under the current administration.
“Prosecuting lawbreakers is not a threat to democracy, but a necessary step toward accountability,” President Hichilema defended his administration in a speech to Zambia’s National Assembly last September.
Yet many Zambians remain unconvinced. The absence of a presidential voice at UNGA, especially amid global concern, feels like avoidance. Some speculate that the weight of international criticism made a UNGA appearance politically untenable for Hichilema. Others suggest that the president’s absence was a strategic move to shield himself from uncomfortable questions and scrutiny.
Zambia’s placement on the final day of UNGA indeed aligns with tradition: ministers and permanent representatives typically speak after heads of state. Other nations, including Canada and Algeria, also delivered addresses on September 29. Suggesting that Zambia was relegated due to democratic concerns can be described as not based on facts.
Still, actions matter. In a year when Zambia’s democratic credentials are under the microscope, the president’s absence sends a message, intentional or not. Silence, in diplomacy, is rarely neutral. And in the context of growing domestic and international concern, it risks being interpreted by others as indifference or evasion.
President Hichilema rose to power on a platform of transparency, reform, and democratic renewal. His campaign promised to restore freedoms, protect civil liberties, and end the culture of fear that had plagued previous administrations. For many Zambians, that promise was a beacon of hope.
But as watchdogs grow louder and civic space grows narrower, that promise feels increasingly distant. Arrests of opposition leaders, restrictions on public gatherings, and the targeting of independent media have cast a shadow over the administration’s democratic credentials.
The question now is not just why President Hakainde Hichilema missed UNGA, but whether his administration is willing to face the world and its own citizens with the accountability it once championed. In the absence of clear answers, speculation fills the void, they say. They also say, in politics, perception often shapes reality.