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Civil servants get pay rise

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Government has increased salaries for civil servants with some getting as high as 200 percent effective September 1, 2013.
The windfall follows the successful conclusion of negotiations between Government and the Civil Servants and Allied Workers Union of Zambia (CSAWUZ).
Other benefits in the 2013 collective bargaining include the introduction of the health personnel shift allowance at 15 percent of basic salaries for nurses and other paramedics.The commuted night-duty allowance has been pegged at7%.

Transport and housing allowances have been maintained at the existing rates of 10 and 20% of basic salaries respectively.

The signing ceremony took place in Lusaka yesterday at the Public Service Management Division offices.

CSAWUZ president Davy Chiboye says the raise will not only motivate civil servants to work harder but improve their living standards.
“The increments are graded and as a union, we will take time to explain this in detail to our members,” Mr Chiboye said.

He thanked his members for the patience during the negotiations, which lasted a month.

And permanent secretary at Public Service Management Division Velepi Mtonga said the successful conclusion of the negotiations is a clear demonstration of Government’s desire to improve the welfare of its employees.

Dr Mtonga said the negotiations were premised on the seven principles to cover remuneration based on the integrated competitive total remuneration strategy.

She outlined the principles as follows: equal pay for equal work, graded increase over a 10-year period as opposed to across-the-board increases, introduction of public service insurance, life cycle for conditions of service and retention of duty facilitating allowances, among others.
And chairperson of the negotiations Alec Chirwa thanked both parties for reaching an amicable end to the talks.
He appealed to Government to implement the new collective agreement as soon as possible.

[Times of Zambia]

Chama teacher arrested for defilement

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A teacher at Katete Primary School in Chama District of Muchinga Province has been arrested for allegedly defiling a 13- year- old school girl.

Muchinga Province Police Commissioner, Remmy Kajoba confirmed the incident in an interview with the Zambia News and Information Services (ZANIS) in Chinsali today.

Mr Kajoba identified the suspect as Mabvuto Ngoma, 32, adding that the defiled minor is a sister –in-law of the suspect.Mr Kajoba said the incident happened last Friday, March, 22, around 02:00 hrs.

He explained that the matter was reported to the police by the wife of the suspect who said she got surprised when she discovered that her husband was conspicuously missing in bed and when she woke up to check around the house, she was surprised to see her husband coming from the girls’ bed room.

The woman told police that the minor confessed that this was the second time Ngoma had defiled her.

She alleged that Ngoma has been buying new clothes for the girl so that she does not tell anybody what was going on between the two of them.
Mr Kajoba said Ngoma is remanded at Chama police station and will appear in court soon.

[ZANIS]

NAPSA says that most employers have not registered their workers

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napsa1

The National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA) has disclosed that most employers in Zambia have not registered their employees with the Authority in accordance with the Laws of Zambia.

NAPSA acting Director General Yollard Kachinda appealed to employers to ensure that they registered their workers with the Scheme to help secure their employees’ future life after they retire.

Mr Kachinda said this yesterday during a national sensitisation seminar for employers held at the Government complex in Lusaka.

He said NAPSA had put in place a number of measures to compel employers remit employees contributions to the Scheme.

He encouraged employers to consider remitting their employees contributions on time to NAPSA so that retires could access their funds on time.

“In most cases the delays to pay retires their benefits is as a result of the failure by some employers to remit these contributions to the Scheme on time,” he said.

He said some companies were defaulting in the remittance of employees’ benefits but that the Authority was pursuing these matters to ensure that employees remitted the funds for their workers.

And NAPSA director for Southern region Lloyd Chembe said the company’s investment portfolio currently stood at KR6 billion.

Mr Chembe said it was a mandate for every employer to remit five percent of employees’ benefits to the NAPSA regardless of the type of employment.

He said the Authority had seen an increase in the knowledge about the NAPSA from both employers and employees on the need to remit a certain percent of contributions to the Scheme.

“Anyone who is in employment, whether casual, full time contractual, a garden boy, a maid, a taxi driver or a bus driver is supposed to be registered with the Scheme,” Mr Chembe said.

Diaspora Zambians partner with local and foreign investors to launch Mukuba Airlines

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The sun setting over the KK International airport
The sun setting over the KK International airport

A group of Zambian aviation professionals in the Diaspora in partnership with their locally based counterparts and some foreign investors will be launching Zambia’s first budget airline in the next few months in readiness for the United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) conference.

Mukuba Airlines Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mwansa Chalwe explained that the airline’s business model will revolutionalize air travel in the country and contribute to promote tourism and investment throughout Zambia by making air travel affordable and complement other product offerings that are on the market.

Mr Chalwe said the vision of the founders of Mukuba airlines is to demystify and democratize air travel and emulate emerging economies like Brazil, India, Indonesia and others that have extended air travel to those who have never flown before including domestic workers as was the case in Brazil.

He was speaking at a media briefing in Livingstone yesterday.

Mukuba Airlines, which is expected to be a low cost carrier, is meant mainly for domestic travel and will be the first of its kind in Zambia.

Mr Chalwe said the company has an investment plan of between US $ 5 and 15 million in the project.

He said with regard to the airline industry, the number of regional and international airlines coming into Zambia has increased in the last ten years by over 60 per cent, bringing in record numbers of regional and international passengers but the domestic aviation sector has not grown at the same rate and has lagged behind which has created a gap in terms of feeder services and limited the visitors’ travel options to most parts of Zambia.

He stated that the launch of the low cost carrier has reached an advanced stage and the airline will initially concentrate on domestic travel using the French made Turbo Prop ATR 42-500 and ATR 72-500 aircraft to be maintained by air Botswana.

“Research findings were that the Zambian macroeconomic indicators had been consistently good over a time frame of ten years. The research concluded that it is the good macroeconomic and stable political environment of the country that is attracting many foreign investors to Zambia in order to seize investment opportunities in various sectors including tourism,” he said.

Mr Chalwe noted that it is unfortunate that Zambians on the other hand have been left as spectators in their own country as they have not sized the opportunities, especially in big business mainly due to lack of capital and expertise in big business.

He commended government for its policy of promoting private sector development by creating an enabling environment as it is the private sector that creates jobs.

The company is expected to employ 35 people in its first year and an additional 54 people in the second year.

The airline is expected to be operational in July this year and its offices will be based in Livingstone.

And Livingstone Tourism Association Board Chairman, Active Monze, said once the airline is operational it will help improve domestic tourism as people will have a chance to visit tourism places in other parts of the country at a low price.

Mr Monze said for Livingstone to succeed in the tourism industry it needs to have good investment in it.

He said the organization is looking forward to working with the company as it will help ease movement of the local people as well as tourists who want to go to other places within Zambia.

And newly elected Livingstone Member of Parliament, Lawrence Evans, thanked the company for brining in a domestic airline for the main benefit of the local people.

Mr Evans said the project has been in the pipe line for a long time and that it is the type of investment that is much needed in Livingstone.

He noted that current airlines tend to monopolize the fares which disadvantage the local people who cannot afford the price.

ZANIS

New Video by B-Flow

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B-Flow recently released the video for his song cry of a woman that features Judy

By Kapa187

Nevers Mumba did not abuse funds- Nzowa

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Nedson Nzowa (r) after testifying in Court
Nedson Nzowa (r) after testifying in Court

Former Deputy High Commissioner to Canada Nedson Nzowa said Mumba did not abuse his authority of office regarding the awarding of a contract to carpet the High Commissioner’s residence because he did not make the decision alone.

Mr Nzowa was testifying in a case in which Mumba is charged with alleged abuse of authority of office and mismanagement of public funds involving over Canadian dollars (CAD$) 156, 000.Mr. Nzowa also told the court that the process to repair the High Commissioner’s residence was initiated way before Dr. Mumba had been appointed as Zambia’s High Commissoner to Canada.He said the condition of the High Commissioner’s residence was habitable but it needed repairs before Mumba occupied it.

The Former deputy commissioner testified that Barrick Gold Corporation donated CAD$122, 229.85 to the Zambian High Commission in Canada.

“There was correspondence from Barrick Gold stating that the donation was to the High Commission. The moment the money was donated to the mission, it became public funds,” he said.

Mr Nzowa said it was the responsibility of the High Commissioner to source funds.

It is alleged that Mumba failed to comply with procedures in receiving and disbursing CAD$122, 229.85, illegally awarded a contract for electrical works (CAD$9,000) and carpeting (CAD$19,850) at the High Commissioner’s residence to Restcon Construction Services and Argos Carpet Limited, respectively.
Mumba is also alleged to have awarded a contract for the construction of a deck at the Zambian High Commissioner’s residence valued at CAD$5,248 to Stanmark Construction.

Mr Nzowa also said during re-examination by Anti-Corruption Commission senior legal and prosecutions officer Silumesi Muchula, that the Zambia Canada Association of Ottawa distanced itself from some members who were nominated by Mumba to be part of the Zambia/Canada Cultural Exchange Programme.
He said the association wanted to nominate the people to be part of the programme. The members who were nominated to be part of the cultural exchange programme were the association’s president Joseph Daka, Cecilia Mulenga (secretary) and Ngosa Chintomfwa (treasurer).
And Mr Nzowa said during cross-examination by Makebi Zulu, who is one of Mumba’s lawyers, that no member of staff at the mission abused their authority of office.

The matter comes up on June 3 for continued trial.

Anglo American returns to Zambia after 11 years to tap copper

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Anglo American Plc (AAL) has returned to Zambia, Africa’s biggest copper producer, to explore for the metal after exiting the country 11 years ago.

Anglo is operating in Northwestern Zambia where the government granted it two exploration licenses in December, Pranill Ramchander, a spokesman for the London-based company, said by e-mail.

Copper producers are looking to expand geographically after prices for the metal, used in plumbing and wiring, more than doubled in four years.

Traditional mines have become depleted, spurring companies to explore new areas or revisit former locations to keep pace with demand growth.

“Anglo American sees Zambia as highly prospective for a number of commodities but is currently only interested in copper,” Ramchander said yesterday.

The company is undertaking early-stage reconnaissance and may drill this year, he said.

Anglo decided to sell its stake in Zambia’s Konkola Copper Mines in 2002. The business was bought by Vedanta Resources Plc in 2004.
Copper producers in Zambia include Glencore International Plc (GLEN), Barrick Gold Corp., First Quantum Minerals Ltd. and Eurasian Natural Resources Corp. Rio Tinto Group (RIO) has a copper exploration joint venture in the country.
[Bloomberg News]

Two die in a road accident in Livingstone

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Zambian Truck Reg no. ALE 7352 (2)
Zambian Truck Reg no. ALE 7352 (2)

TWO truck drivers died in road accident in the early hours of yesterday after their vehicles were involved in a head-on collision near Sinkobo area which is about 25 kilometres south of Zimba.

The two, who are Zambian and Zimbabwean drivers, died on the spot while two of their passengers are admitted to Zimba District Hospital after they sustained minor injuries.

Southern Province Deputy commissioner of police Milner Muyambango confirmed the development in an interview yesterday.

Mr Muyambango said the accident, which involved a Mercedes Benz truck and a Freight Liner, happened between 01:00 and 02:00hours yesterday.
The collision happened when Bornface Chaoma, a Zimbabwean national tried to control his truck but ended up swerving into his right lane and hit into the oncoming truck.

The accident involved a Mercedes Benz truck number ALE 7352 which was heading south to North of Livingstone and being driven by Vincent Mudenda of Siyamakamba village of Choma district.

After the accident, Mr Mudenda got trapped under the wreckage of the truck and died on the spot.

The Liner, registration number B744, AMV trailor number B88604, which was being driven by Bornface Chaoma who was suspected to have dosed off and drove into the other lane and hit the oncoming vehicle.

Mr Muyambango said after the impact Mr Chaoma was thrown out of his truck and died on the spot.

The two bodies are in Zimba Hospital Mortuary.

One of the survivors in the company of the late Mr Mudenda, identified as Nevers Kakoma, 27, of Shampande Township, Choma sustained a deep cut of the right side of the face.

In the other truck, Jabulani Michael, 38, of house number 11585, block 8, Francis Town, Botswana, sustained multiple bruises and a cut on his left arm.

And an eye witness Tyson Zulu, who was found at the scene, said he saw the two bodies being ferried to Zimba yesterday.

 

Zambian Truck Reg no. ALE 7352 after the bodies were retrieved
Zambian Truck Reg no. ALE 7352 after the bodies were retrieved

Government allows millers to increase mealie-meal prices to curb shortages

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Commerce Minister, Bob Sichinga
Commerce Minister, Bob Sichinga

Government has authorised millers to increase mealie-meal prices in which a 25 kg bag of breakfast will retail KR55 from the current KR50 to offset shortages of the commodity in certain towns.

Agriculture and Livestock Minister Bob Sichinga said the decision followed a Cabinet meeting held on Monday aimed at enabling the millers speed up distribution of mealie-meal especially in needy areas.

Mr Sichinga said at a press briefing in Lusaka yesterday that the new price of a 25 kg bag of roller meal would be between KR35 and KR37 from the current retail price of about KR40.

“Now that the millers have been allowed to sell at a slightly higher price, we expect shortages and prices of mealie-meal in some areas to normalise as the increase would enable them distribute to even far flung areas,” he said.

He said there was no mealie-meal shortage in the country but that the scarcity in some towns was caused as a result of continued inadequate milling capacity to supply the commodity due to growing population.

He said, as of March 20, 2013, the Food Reserve Agency (FRA) had in its stock 687, 819 tonnes of maize which was sufficient to last the country for the next six months.

He said the milling capacity in other provinces apart from Lusaka and Copperbelt was inadequate and that the development had resulted into shortages of mealie-meal.

He said Lusaka and Copperbelt had several milling firms with sufficient capacity compared to other provinces among others Eastern and Muchinga.

Among other milling firms in Lusaka were National milling, Superior, Shabco, African, GBM, Chat and Star while on Copperbelt there was Olympic in Mufulira, Antelope in Luanshya and Chimangachanga in Ndola.

Mr Sichinga said Government was currently engaging the private sector to set up more milling plants especially in areas experiencing shortages of mealie-meal to meet the high demands.

He, however, said the private sector raised concerns such as transportation costs of maize to their facilities but that Government was also working on modalities to create additional storage in many locations.

He said mealie-meal shortages were also caused by increased smuggling into neighbouring countries such as the Democratic Republic of Zambia (DRC) because they had insufficient maize grains.

He said most of Zambia’s neighbouring countries had shortages of maize grain resulting into continuous high demand and that his ministry and its Commerce counterpart had been holding discussions to legalise exports of mealie meal.

Mr Sichinga said if the neighbouring countries wanted assistance, they needed to approach the Government to facilitate trade on a government to government basis.

Currently, Zimbabwe had requested for 150,000 tonnes of maize, Tanzania 89, 000 tonnes, Malawi 135,000 tonnes and the World Food Programme (WFP) 24,000 tonnes.

Mr Sichinga said President Michael Sata would not allow any of Zambia’s neighbouring nations to go hungry as long as Zambia had sufficient maize stocks to feed its citizens.

He said the export of maize would also help to create space for the new stock during this marketing season adding that the move would raise money to for FRA pay back bank loans.

Farmer accused of causing Chibombo accident committed to High Court

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The 74-year -old retired Mkushi farmer accused of causing the death of 50 people in a road traffic accident in Chibombo last month has been committed to the High Court for trial.

Kabwe Principal Resident Magistrate John Mbuzi committed Abraham Van Eeden to the High Court after receiving instructions from the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).

Mr Mbuzi said the case is triable by the High Court and the accused would now be appearing in the Higher Court on a date to be communicated.

Earlier State prosecutor Susan Mwakalombe applied to the court to have one of the counts be deleted as count 30 and 37 were appearing twice.

Defence lawyer Mulilo Kabesha from Kabesha and Company did not object to the application which the court granted.

This means that the accused is faced with 50 counts and not 51.

This is in matter in which the accused whilst driving a Toyota Land Cruiser registration number ABH 2214 is alleged to have caused the death of 50 people by dangerous driving contrary to the Laws of Zambia.

He is alleged to have caused the death of the 50 following a road accident in Chibombo district involving a Zampost bus and a truck.

Recently the High Court granted a K15 million cash bail and ordered that the accused surrenders the passport to court and ordered that he reports himself to the nearest police station every after two weeks.

This was after lawyers representing the accused from Kabesha and A Woods and Company appealed to the High Court against magistrate Mbuzi’s decision to deny him bail on grounds of his nationality and that the said investment in Zambia had not been tabulated.

In granting the bail, Kabwe High Court Judge Eddie Sikazwe granted the accused a K5 million cash bail with two working sureties in a sum of K5 million each.

Magistrate Mbuzi had rejected the bail application despite the defence lawyers submitting to the court that the accused person was a well known person who has invested heavily in the country and was of fixed abode and that he has problems and that keeping him in cells will be unfair.

Kitwe woman gives birth outside hospital after nurses allegedly refuse to attend to her

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Kitwe Central Hospital
Kitwe Central Hospital

A WOMAN of Kitwe‘s Ndeke Village Township yesterday delivered outside Kitwe Central Hospital (KCH) in her husband’s vehicle due to alleged negligence by medical staff at the health facility.

It is believed that the woman delivered around 06:00 hours after nurses at the hospital allegedly refused to attend to her.

Sources said the husband left his wife in his vehicle and went upstairs to plead with the nurses to attend to her but his efforts were in vain.

Kitwe District Commissioner (DC) Elias Kamanga said was unacceptable for a women deliver outside a hospital when nurses were there to do their job.

Mr. Kamanga said it was sad that the incident happened outside a hospital in full view of the passers-by.

He said he was informed of the incident just after 06:00 hours by Chingola Mayor Cuthbert Kalebaila who was going to the hospital to see his relative and found the woman giving birth.

“I have spoken directly to the Kitwe Central Hospital management to get to the root cause of this because I am not going to tolerate such behavior. We want to carry out thorough investigations. Nurses who were involved must be penalised,” Mr Kamanga said.

He said government was making health facilities and services available to the people but unfortunately the medical personnel were not co-operating.

Zambia agrees to free movement of persons in SADC region

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Tourism and Arts Minister Sylvia Masebo receives a copy of a tourism publication from a Nigerian Journalist after she opened the workshop
Tourism and Arts Minister Sylvia Masebo receives a copy of a tourism publication from a Nigerian Journalist after she opened the workshop

The Zambian Government has ratified the SADC protocol on free movement of persons in a bid to attract foreign tourists.

Tourism and Arts Minister Sylvia Masebo announced that the ratification came into effect on Tuesday.

Mrs. Masebo made the announcement during the opening of a two day regional media training workshop on tourism and development in Lusaka.

She said the development means that Zambian citizens will not be subjected to VISA requirements when visiting any of the SADC countries that have equally ratified the SADC protocol on free movements of people.

“This practically means that Zambians would enjoy VISA free travel into any of the SADC countries that have ratified this protocol or at least be issued with a VISA at the point of entry. This is in the spirit of easing travel and consequently encouraging more foreign tourists,” Mrs Masebo said.

Ms Masebo, who was flanked by Information and Broadcasting Deputy Minister Mwansa Kapeya, said the ratification of free movement had made SADC countries to become one when it comes to movement.

“That is an important step to boost the movements of people and tourists in the region. For instance, going to Malawi, South Africa and other SADC countries now will be just as easy as going to my Constituency in Chongwe without any restrict.

It is very important issue for tourism to easy the movement of people as more tourists will flock to the country,” she said.

In Turkey, about 30 million tourists go that country and partly this is partly due to easy movement of people.

“As a country and continent, we must look at attracting more tourist arrivals and this can only be done by easing travels,” she said.

Ms Masebo also expressed hope that the yellow fever requirement would soon be addressed before the UNWTO general assembly.

She further called for the promotion of domestic tourism and urged citizens across Africa to consider taking their families for holidays to appreciate tourism.

“Good and positive news about tourism in Africa rarely makes the news headlines and it is crucial that the media in Africa identify the importance of tourism to promote economic development in the region.

We need to heal the current negative perceptions in the international media on Africa where they always report on Africa as a continent with wars and poverty when we have more tourism attractions and minerals than most countries in overseas,” she said.

Speaking at the same function, UNWTO Deputy Regional Director for Africa Helder Thomas aid the growth of tourism globally was expected to continue this year.

“In the case off Africa, despite of different crises and challenges faced, the continent exceeded for the first time the 50 million tourists in 2012 reaching 52.3 million tourist arrivals

UNWTO forecasts Africa will receive 85 million tourists by 2020 and 134 million by 2030,” he said.

Mr Thomas said the current share for Africa was five per cent of international tourist arrivals and it was projected that the figure would grow to six and seven per cent by 2020 and 2030 respectively.

He said tourism was directly responsible for five per cent of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and six per cent of global trade and employs one out of 11 people.

“We need to create a continued dialogue between the private sector and the media as the two key to supporting the growth of tourism,” he said.

The SADC Protocol on free movement of persons was adopted in 2005 and seeks to fulfill the objectives of the SADC Treaty.

The treaty requires SADC countries to develop policies aimed at the progressive elimination of obstacles to the free movement of capital and labour, goods and services and of the people of the region.

Indeni Set Division 1 North Pace

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Indeni are the early pacesetters of the 2013 FAZ Division One North League after thrashing promoted Greneker 3-1 on Sunday to amass six points in two games.

Akakubelwa Mwachiya grabbed a brace while Jeffrey Sikapite scored Indeni’s third goal in the week two fixture at Indeni Sports Complex in Ndola.

Indeni are hoping to bounce back to the Super Division after suffering demotion last season.

Elsewhere, Mufulira Blackpool moved into second place after thumping visiting Premium Sport 3-1 at John Kachofa Stadium in Mufulira’s Kamuchanga area.

Soki Mwaba scored a brace and a goal from Brian “Sanche” Mwaba helped Blackpool to increase their tally to four points after week two games played at the weekend.

At Garden Park Stadium, Kelvin Chachika scored a lone goal as Kitwe United beat Kalewa 1-0 to register their first win of the season.

“Mighty” Mufulira Wanderers maintained their low start to the new season with a goalless draw at Mumbwa Medics in Central Province.

Lime Coach Moans Poor Start

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Promoted Lime Hotspurs coach Mathews Ndhlovu has bemoaned his team’s poor start to the new FAZ Super Division campaign.

Ndhlovu’s Lime on Sunday lost to fellow promoted side Kalulushi Modern Stars 2-1 in Kitwe a week after succumbing to a 1-0 loss in the Ndola derby against Forest Rangers.

In an interview, Ndhlovu demanded improvement from his team.

“Losing two games is a bitter pill to swallow.

“We need to show why we are in the Super Division,” he said.

“We need to go back to the drawing board,” Ndhlovu added.

Lime are back in the Super Division after spending the 2012 season in Division One.

Opposition on the Copperbelt demand CJ appointment

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ACTING Chief Justice Lombe Chibesakunda
ACTING Chief Justice Lombe Chibesakunda

Opposition political parties on the Copperbelt have expressed concern at the delay by the Patriotic Front Government to appoint a permanent chief justice.

And Movement for Multiparty Democracy Provincial Publicity Secretary Yotum Mutai Chalo says that government should put the matter to rest as it is not healthy for a democratic country like Zambia not to have a chief Justice.

United Party for National Development presidential trustee Connywell Sakala says it is unfortunate that government was drugging its feet to appoint chief justice to date.

“It is quiet unfortunate that the Patriotic Front government has drugged the people of Zambia this far when there are a lot of qualified people for this position”, Mr Sakala said.

ZANIS reports from Ndola that the opposition leaders said this in separate interviews, today.

He said there are three arms of government and all should function fully in order to supplement each other. He said once the people start doubting the courts of law it will lead to suspicions.

Mr. Sakala said government should elevate the deputy chief justice to the position of chief justice if they want a woman to fill up that position.

“We challenge the PF government to elevate the deputy chief justice if they want a woman to fill up the position”, he said.

Mr. Sakala however pointed out that the people of Zambia should refrain from appointing relations to higher posts as this may cost the country in future.

He said Zambia should continue living in the spirit of “one Zambia one Nation” as introduced by the first republican president Dr Kenneth Kaunda.

“We should not chose people from the same region when giving posts, let the same spirit that our president Dr Kenneth Kaunda brought of one Zambia one nation, and one nation one people among the people of Zambia continue”, he said.

And Movement for Multiparty Democracy Provincial Publicity Secretary Yotum Chalo says that government should put the matter to rest as it is not healthy for a democratic country like Zambia not to have a chief Justice.

Mr Chalo said that it has been one year and six months from the time the Patriotic Front was voted into government and there are still no signs of anyone occupying the office permanently.

He said that the absence of a full time chief justice is making it difficult to permanent reforms.

He added on that the president should heed advise from the committee in parliament on the appointment of a chief justice as the age of the of the acting chief justice disqualifies her.

ZANIS