
By Dr. Chiyaba Njovu
Changing People’s Attitudes and Behavioral Values is Every Leader’s Challenge: The Story of Uncompleted Buildings in Zambia
On one of my trips to Kigali in Rwanda last year, I took some time off to visit some interesting places including the genocide museum. What I saw and learnt was amazing and what struck me most are the people’s thoughts of the past and why that should NEVER be allowed to ever happen again in future. The motto of Rwanda is ‘NEVER AGAIN’. The genocide museum is one place you learn a lot about people, their values, culture and beliefs. Shocking pictures and videos but all aimed at educating the nation. Admittedly, I would not hesitate to say, Kigali is probably one of the cleanest cities I have visited in Sub-Saharan Africa. What also impressed me is the quality of infrastructure being developed or already completed. Touring the Kigali Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) and imagining the grand plan of our University of Zambia (UNZA), I could not help but ask myself – why do we have so many uncompleted building projects in Zambia? True, imagine the structures around most of our cities, Lusaka, Kitwe, Ndola or even Livingstone. We have a lot uncomplete buildings strewn all over the place. Why? Has anyone bothered to analyse this scenario? In trying to come to terms with this scenario, I would like to look at our way of doing things, our attitudes towards each other, our views towards cooperation and the way we interact and relate to each other as a people. The last thing I want to analyse is our political conduct, which I feel capitalizes on our societal weaknesses with the result that we have ended up with some of the most incompetent members of our society being elected to high positions of responsibility either genuinely or dubiously. We value positions for what gains we can get but NOT for what we can offer or deliver in that position. This is not the objective of this article though.
On uncompleted building projects or other major projects, my observation is that we Zambians like the word ‘mine’ or what I term the ‘I’ culture. Not that saying ‘mine’ is a bad thing in itself but it reveals one’s attitude towards valuing others as partners in development projects. ‘Mine’ for most Zambians would mean doing things by yourself and not allowing other members of your family or organisation to learn from what you are doing. The consequence of this attitude is that if that person is no longer there to complete the project then no one can do it. A cooperative attitude, on the hand, would resolve this problem as it would ensure continuity of developmental projects, whether personal or organisational. A cooperative approach would help family members learn from their predecessors in the family or organisation.[pullquote] Zambians can show you their teeth when deep down their hearts they would rather see you dead. This attitude is a killer to development. Such people would never constructively criticize a person because they want to help him/her improve.
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But why would people choose an’ I’ approach instead of a cooperative one? The answer seems to hinge on our views towards things that are not personal. Look at our attitudes towards government properties or parastatals in the Second Republic. Most Zambians are afraid of the cooperative culture because of the jealousies amongst people. Jealousy, malice, gossip and some untamed personal egos are known to have created problems among societies. Through gossip, most people fail to see the honesty in another person just because of what they have been told by some malicious person. Malice breeds ill –will among people. That is, if someone is progressive, malicious people would be waiting to see him/her fail and if he plays in their hands, they would ensure that they make him fail. Jealousy, gossip and malice amongst people is what I normally refer to as ‘witchcraft mentality’. In other words, a society where this culture is prevalent makes individuals want to choose to hide what they are working on or about to embark on as malicious people would do all they can to put spanners in their way. I have seen very creative and ambitious projects fail because someone in an influential position or who can play a critical role is jealousy of the initiator. Witchcraft mentality is very destructive. Could some of these be answers to our many uncompleted buildings?
I am not trying to say only Zambians harbour these tendencies but I would like us as a nation to reflect on them if they can help us understand ourselves as a people. I m not trying to point fingers at any single person, but reflective thoughts would tell you that each of those uncompleted buildings you see in Zambia could have suffered from some of these traits – someone with witchcraft mentality could have caused it. I honestly would admit that showing our teeth to people we meet does not mean genuine friendliness. Zambians can show you their teeth when deep down their hearts they would rather see you dead. This attitude is a killer to development. Such people would never constructively criticize a person because they want to help him/her improve. Instead they would choose the most beautiful superlatives to deceive him/her into believing that all was well and that they were solidly behind that person. At his/her demise they are the happiest of people who would even throw a party and use words such as ‘I knew this was going to happen’. Gosh! What an attitude? I strongly believe that ‘we are all good at different things and that is why we are individuals. This belief is useful because it encourages learning and valuing each other for who we are and can do. It helps us understand other people’s shortcomings and where we can help from the bottom of our hearts. But it also encourages us to constructively criticise other people with a view that our criticism would help them improve. Tough choice but most people don’t like being criticised but if you consider yourself as a friend to someone, please do at all times offer your objective advice.
Back to my Kigali experience, I was fortunate enough to have audience with some leading political figures in that country and their story is very candid. They strongly believe that the Rwandan massacre was caused by the witchcraft mentality among its own people. Therefore, as a first step to restoring harmony in the country the leaders had to educate people on the dangers of those traits –jealousy, baseless gossip, and malice. Tell anyone a political lie in Rwanda; you will be in custody before you know it. Therefore, a lesson to those of us who travel to other countries is that NEVER discuss Politics or RELIGION in a foreign country. Learn their principles and values. Is that true for most visitors to Zambia? The answer is NO. Zambians discuss their jealousies, frustrations, or ill-conceived views with strangers without restraint.
In conclusion, our uncompleted buildings strewn all over the place simply tell a story about our principles and values. We are together but in terms of development we are collections of individuals working on disparate projects on the same piece of land. There is no continuity in projects implementation, whether national or individual, and any change in personnel at any level would see a total reversal of what the predecessor had started. In some cases, we even disregard the huge investment already made and just choose to abandon projects already started. My lessons from Rwanda and its change of paradigm from a war-torn country to one of the most progressive developing Countries demonstrates one leadership quality. The ability to change people’s attitudes and beliefs. It is every leader’s challenge to change people’s attitudes in a nation on the basis of sound principles, values and beliefs, which, I believe, are key to the long term aspirations of any prosperous nation. Prosperity does not come from the ‘i’ culture as development is never delivered by a single individual. It is a continuous process that relies on people being able to build on what their predecessors initiated. Economically, politically and to some extent socially – these are Zambia’s challenges. We seriously need a cooperative culture that encourages the values of team work and honesty in working together as equal players in different roles. Projects, whether individual or organisation must be allowed to go the full cycle even if there is a change of ownership or leadership. Valuing projects should be measured in terms of benefits to the nation and not who initiated or completed it. That is Zambia’s challenge and the sooner we get a leadership that can change this attitude in Zambia, the better for our prosperity.