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Zambia hosts AU Retreat next week

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Zambia will next week on December 4 and 5, 2008 expected to host the fourth African Union Peace and Security Council Retreat, AUPSCR.

The Retreat under the theme “Interection between Peace and Security Council and Civil Society Organisation in the Promotion of Peace, Security and Stability in Africa, would be held at the Sun hotel in Livingstone.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Permanent Secretary, Tens Kapoma, confirmed to ZANIS that the African Union Deputy Chairperson, Erastus Mwencha ,and other notable members of the AUPSCR will be among the keynote speakers at the Retreat.

The First and Second African Union Peace and Security Council Retreats were held three years ago in 2005 and 2006 in South Africa .

The third Retreat was held last year in Dakar in Senegal.

Ambassador Kapoma said top on the agenda of the Retreat is the discussion on peace and security council’s effectiveness in the African region.

“Zambia is privileged to host the 4th African Union Peace and Security Council Retreat to be hold at the Sun hotel, Livingstone next week on December 4 and 5, 2008. As you are aware, the First and Second African Union Peace and Security Council Retreats were held a few years ago in 2005 and 2006 in South Africa. The third Retreat was held in Dakar in Senegal in 2007,” Mr. Kapoma said.

ZANIS/KC/ENDS/SJK

Zambia bemoans increased streetism in Kasama

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Africare-Zambia has bemoaned the increased number of street children in Kasama district which it attributes to break down in families ties.

Africare District facilitator for Kasama and Mbala George Mumbi said it was saddening to see that most families, where children are supposed to seek comfort and shelter, have abandoned their responsibilities.

Mr. Mumbi said the rising number of streetism in Kasama should not be allowed to continue as it would have a negative impact on the country’s future generation.

He said there was need to encourage and strengthen the extended family system to reduce on streetism in communities adding that it was un-African to allow children to roam the streets when they have relatives to look after them.

Mr. Mumbi was speaking in Kasama, Thursday, during the presentation of awards to 52 care-givers who underwent specialized training in looking after orphaned and vulnerable children in communities.

He urged the participants to continue offering their selfless service to orphans due to HIV/AIDS so that they could lead normal lives.

Mr. Mumbi further thanked government for providing an enabling environment for non governmental organizations to operate and offer support to under-privileged people in society.

And officiating at the same function, Kasama Mayor Sebastian Chipope urged families and communities not abandon their responsibility of looking after vulnerable children as they needed much more support in order to grow up into responsible adults.

In a speech read for him by Councillor Clement Chileshe, Mr. Chipope said children affected by HIV/AIDS should not be discriminate against but instead should be encouraged to be productive in communities they live in.

He further commended Africare-Zambia through its RAPIDS programme for imparting skills to 52 caregivers from various communities on the best methods of caring for orphaned and vulnerable children in society.

ZANIS/WS/ENDS/MM

RB woos Nigerian investors

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Zambia and Nigeria have agreed to strengthen bilateral relations in order to accelerate economic growth of the two countries.

Briefing the press soon after a closed door meeting held in Abuja this afternoon, President, Rupiah Banda, and his Nigerian counterpart, Umaru Musa Yar’ Adua acknowledged the need to coexist in the face of eminent global economic meltdown.

President Banda said a delegation of Nigerian business experts would, hence, visit Zambia to discuss agreements in various sectors of the Zambian economy, a development that could help reduce the country’s dependence on mining, which was yielding low profits due to declining Copper prices on the global market.

Mr Banda said he was proud that Nigeria was one of the few African countries that have invested in Zambia.

He expressed happiness that Access Bank of Nigeria has declared interest to open a branch in Zambia, a development that would significantly contribute to the growth of a viable financial sector in the country.

He was confident that more financial institutions from Nigeria would penetrate the Zambian financial market.

Mr. Banda also revealed that a major Nigerian cement manufacturing company had agreed to open a plant in Zambia.

Mr Banda also told journalists that Nigeria has agreed to help Zambia achieve crop diversification in agriculture by encouraging production cocoa and palm oil among other crops..

President Banda said he opted to commence his tour of duty with Nigeria because the west African country was among frontline states that immensely contributed to rhe liberation struggle of the African continent.

Mr Banda said Zambia was fortunate to have Nigeria as a partner in economic development.

“We have seen that your financial sector has established itself as one of the best financial sectors in Africa and your banks are recognised world-wide as some of those properly regulated and with the capacity to grow and help us. That’s one other reason we chose to come here first,” he said.

And Nigeria’s President, Umaru Musa Yar Adua, said the visit of President Banda, came at a time when more efforts were need by world leaders to discuss economic challenges that currently threaten the welfare of the peoples.

Mr Yar’Adua added that apart from economic development, he and president Banda discussed the socio-political situation in Africa, particularly that of Zimbabwe.

Mr Yar’Adua regretted the deteriorating humanitarian crisis that has led to a seemingly breakdown of negotiations in terms of implementation of the agreement in Zimbabwe.

He, however, said he was optimistic that one day the problems in Zimbabwe would be a thing of the past, adding that the Southern African Community, SADC, which was mandated by the African Union, AU, has made tremendous progress in trying to resolve the crisis in Zimbabwe.

He said SADC and AU should still be commended for having managed to broker the deal that resulted in the signing of a power-sharing agreement between President Robert Mugabe and opposition leader, Morgan Tsvangirai, which brought peace to that country.

President Yar’Adua, regretted that failure by the two parties to implement the agreement, adding that the issue stands on the disagreement on who should control sensitive ministries.

President Banda is this afternoon expected to return home.

ZANIS/ENDS/EB/SJK

Government introduces Code of Conduct for Civil Servants

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Government will tomorrow launch the inaugural Code of Ethics for the Zambian public service.

Secretary to the Cabinet Joshua Kanganja says the Code of Ethics for the public service will enable public service employees execute their duties with efficiency and effectiveness whilst exhibiting high moral values through exemplary conduct both on and off duty.

Dr. Kanganja, who announced this in Lusaka today, said it is government’s commitment to inculcate a sense of values and to have an efficient, loyal and hardworking civil service.

He explained that the Code of Ethics outlines broad principles of basic values and behavioral standards that call for a high level of ethical conduct by public service employees.

Dr. Kanganja the Code of Ethics is further designed to enhance public confidence in the public service and urged the public service employees to comply with the Code in order to renew their commitment towards enhancing public confidence.

He explained that by doing so the public service employees will contribute to the delivery of quality services to the people of Zambia.

Dr. Kanganja pointed out that unlike in the early 70s, government now has immense challenges hence the need for public service employees to change their attitude towards work.

The Secretary to the Cabinet however noted that both the public service employees and members of the public have a duty towards national building.

He pointed out that there can not be an efficient and effective public service if members of the public condone corrupt practices.

Dr. Kanganja said after the launch of the Code of ethics, government will embark on sensitization period of the contents of the document.

Meanwhile, Dr. Kanganja has said entry into the Public Service should be competitive and transparency.

He said those qualified should be given chance to serve the people of Zambia in the public service and warned that there should be no manipulation of things by those in influential positions to employ relatives and friends who are not qualified.

The Secretary to the Cabinet advised that employing wrong people has implications such as difficulties in removing them.

He assured that as the economy grows, government will give public service employees competitive packages saying it is sad that government spends huge sums of money educating and training people in the public service who later leave the service for other countries.

Zambia launches Justice Chibesakunda’s bid for ICC judge position

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Zambia has kicked off Justice Lombe Chibesakunda’s campaign for election as a judge on the International Criminal Court (ICC) after a series of meetings with diplomats at the United Nations in New York, in the United States of America.

Justice Chibesakunda has been in New York since November 24 where she has attended meetings for the purpose of introducing Zambia’s candidate to the International Criminal Court (ICC) at the elections scheduled for the 7th session of the Assembly of States to be held in New York from 19 to 23 January 2009.

Justice Chibesakunda who is attending meetings for consideration to represent Zambia as a judge at the International Criminal Court in New York is in company of Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Justice Gertrude Imbwae and the Ministry’s Parliament Counsel, Miyoba Muzumbwe.

The campaign material for Justice Chibesakunda explains that she is a judge of utmost distinction, currently serving at the Supreme Court of Zambia, which is the highest court of the land.

The campaign material further says Justice Chibesakunda is committed to the enforcement and strengthening of criminal justice and criminal justice system.

The campaign material goes further to state that she has vast experience in the criminal justice system which would be of great significance to the international criminal court adding that she possesses established competence in criminal law and procedure.

The campaign material also notes that having served as a state advocate in the director of public prosecutions chambers, she gained the requisite experience from a prosecution perspective and that as a judge she is impartial and upholds the principles of fair trial and natural justice adding that she is an advocate for social justice, international peace, interdependence of nations and international justice.

Justice Chibesakunda has also served as chair person of the Human Rights Commission of Zambia has served as Solicitor General, Deputy Minister in the Ministry of Legal Affairs and served as an Ambassador to Japan and the United Kingdom, the Holy Sea and the Netherlands.

Further more she participated in the Lancaster talks ushering in the independence of Zimbabwe and campaigned for the end of Apartheid rule in South Africa.

This is contained a statement released to ZANIS in Lusaka today by First Secretary for Press at the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Zambia to the United Nations Moses Walubita.

ENDS/VP/AM/ZANIS

Health Human Resources Specialist arrested for theft

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A Human Resources Specialist with the Ministry of Health has been arrested by the Anti Corruption Commission (ACC) for theft of public funds totaling over K30 million.

Anti Corruption Commission (ACC) Public Relations Manager Timothy Moono confirmed to ZANIS in Lusaka today that Major Chirwa, 41, of plot 10045-1 Godfrey Kangwa Road in Lusaka’s Nyumba Yanga, and based at the Provincial Health Office in Lusaka, was arrested yesterday for one count of theft by public servant contrary to sections 272and 277 of the Penal Code Cap 87 of the Laws of Zambia.

Mr. Moono explained that particulars of the offence are that on dates unknown but between 1st November 2005 and 30th November 2005 at Lusaka in the Lusaka District of the Lusaka Province of the Republic of Zambia, Chirwa being a person employed in the public service as a Human Resource Management Specialist at the Central Board of Health, did steal a total of K39,280,110 cash from the government of the Republic of Zambia by purporting that he had paid out fuel refunds to various participants of the annual health worker’s meeting held from 10th November 2005 to 11th November 2005 when in fact not.

Chirwa has since been released on bond and will appear in court on 10th December 2008.

ENDS/MM/AM/ZANIS

Govt reassures its commitment to provision of safe water

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Choma District Commissioner Laiven Apuleni has reaffirmed government’s commitment to the provision of safe water and sanitation services.

Mr Apuleni says one of the ways government attaches the commitment was the formulation and implementation of the National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (NRWSSP).

He said the NRWSSP represents government’s commitment to improving the economic and social wellbeing of the people especially the rural population.

He was speaking in Choma, Thursday, when he opened the urban focused Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) workshop organized by UNICEF.

Mr Apuleni said the NRWSSP is the government road map towards the realization of the millennium development goals (MDG) of increasing water and sanitation coverage.

He said government recognizes that implementation of this programme is not easy and expects cooperating partners such as UNICEF and all stakeholders to render support.

Speaking at the same workshop, UNICEF WASHE (Water, Sanitation and Health) monitoring officer for Southern Province Leonard Mukosha challenged local authorities to take advantage of government’s will to tackle sanitation related issues.

Mr Mukosha noted that government and donors have staked money to facilitate the work of the National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (NRWSSP) but that very few local authorities formulated work plans to access the money.

He also regretted that some councils have not even put a provision for sanitation related activities in their proposed 2009 budgets and wondered how government and donors would finance sanitation activities which have not been budgeted for.

ZANIS/CM/ENDS/MM

Statutory regulation of the media is detrimental to the country

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The Unemployment Association of Zambia (UAZ) says statutory regulation of the media is detrimental to Zambia’s budding democracy.

Association president Mpundu Mwanamwelwa told ZANIS in Lusaka today that there is need for Press Freedom if democracy is to flourish in country.

Mr. Mwanamwelwa said statutory regulation would inhibit journalists and restrict the free flow of information.

He said impeding the media to carry out their set mandate would be to the detriment of the country as the role of the press as a watch-dog would be defeated.

Mr. Mwanamwelwa further said economic achievement and true democracy are elements that can not survive without divergence views which are brought forward through the media.

Mr. Mwanamwelwa said statutory regulation of the media would bar divergent views from being heard.

He said this scenario would impact negatively on the promotion of good governance and the fight against bad vices such as corruption.

Mr. Mwanamwelwa has since urged the public to condemn efforts aimed at bringing about statutory regulation of the media.

Government has said that media houses in the country have failed to regulate themselves and this had prompted the calls from various stakeholders for statutory regulation.

Chief Government spokesperson, Ronnie Shikapwasha has said that the failure by the media to regulate themselves was blatantly exhibited in the period running to the October 30 presidential election.

He challenged the Media Council of Zambia (MECOZ), Press Association of Zambia (PAZA), Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) and the Zambia Union of Journalists (ZUJ), among others, to prove that the media could regulate themselves.

Recently, members of Parliament (MPs) and the Government called for statutory regulation of the media following what they termed as unprofessional reporting in the period of campaigning for the October 30 polls.

On Monday, media bodies rejected calls by the Government for statutory regulation, saying the decision was misplaced and made out of emotions.

ENDS/VP/AM/ZANIS

Power Complete Derby Double Over Nkana

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Green Buffaloes' Sebastian Mwansa shrugs off ZANACO's Michael Bwalya during the KCM-FAZ mid-week match played at Woodlands stadium in Lusaka.
Green Buffaloes' Sebastian Mwansa shrugs off ZANACO's Michael Bwalya during the KCM-FAZ mid-week match played at Woodlands stadium in Lusaka

Nkana 0- Power Dynamos 2

Power Dynamos leaped from 6th to 2nd on the Faz Premier League table after a thorough 3-0  home win over Nkana in their big Kitwe derby played on Wednesday.

The Arthur Davies side completed a league brace in the derby over troubled Nkana this season whom they beat 1-0 away last June.

The win leaves Nkana, who returned to the top-flight this season after a four-year hiatus in division 1 north, still deeply bogged down in the relegation mire perched in 14th place and 3rd from bottom with two matches left to play.

Power secured the 3 points thanks to a brace courtesy of striker Elson Mkandwire with goals in the 41st and 57th minute.

Ex-Kitwe United midfielder Joseph Sitali sealed Powers home-win seven minutes after the hour-mark to see Fordson Kabole’s side move to 43 points and 4 points behind leaders Zesco United.

Green Buffaloes' Brian Chilando tries to stop the ball during the KCM-FAZ mid-week match played at Woodlands stadium
Green Buffaloes' Brian Chilando tries to stop the ball during the KCM-FAZ mid-week match played at Woodlands stadium


Green Buffaloes 0- Zanaco 1

Zanaco moved up to 4th place with a 1-0 away win over troubled Green Buffaloes in their Lusaka derby at Woodlands Stadium.

Winston Kalengo 33rd minute goal  secured Zanaco’s win.

However, Buffaloes will feel a little hard done by in this scrappy encounter after referee Wellington Kaoma strangely ruled out a clear 70th minute goal scored by Reuben Tembo from long-range for an infringement.

Buffaloes are 7th after Wednesdays defeat on 41 points with two matches left to play.

UNDER-20 COSAFA UPDATE

An 18-member Zambia Under-20 team flew into Johannesburg from Lusaka on Wednesday morning before taking a seven hour drive to Kimberly ahead of Fridays opening ceremony and matches of this years Cosafa Youth Cup.

Zambia kickoff their preliminary round Group A matches against Seychelles on Friday before facing hosts and 2007 runners-up South Africa over the weekend.

The side will face Lesotho in their final Group A match in mid-week.


Goalkeepers:
William Chibale (Lusaka Dynamos), Richard Masheka

Defenders: Collins Chipili (Lusaka Youth Academy), Boyd Chipeta (Lusaka Dynamos), Jimmy Chisenga (Red Arrows), Michael Katongo (Kabwe Warriors), Derrick Mwansa (Nkwazi) Arthur Shiwila (Power Dynamos)

Midfielders:
Henry Banda (Zanaco), Musonda Munaile (Young Zanaco), Innocent Mwaba (Zesco United), Nathan Sinkala (Green Buffaloes),Miguel Zulu (Zamtel), Evans Musonda

Forwards:
John Ching’andu (Zesco United), Morgan Kaoma (City of Lusaka), Saint Nkhoma (Young Arrows), Kasongo Mwepya (Paramilitary)

Coach: Oswald Mutapa Jnr

Assistant Coach: Alfred Mulao & Emmanuel Siwale

[TABLE=24]


ZCTU urges Govt to stabilise economy

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The Zambia Congress of Trade Unions, ZCTU, has advised Government to put in place immediate measures to stabilise the current economy crisis, which was the threatening thousands of jobs in the mining industry.

ZCTU Acting Secretary General, Ian Mkandawire, said government should quickly step in and discuss the current crisis facing the mining industry with a view to stabilise the employment situation in the sector.

Mr Mkandawire told ZANIS in Kitwe today that it was worrying that close to 300 mine workers at Bwana Mkubwa Mine in ndola have lost their jobs while another 26 workers have been sent on forced leave at Chambishi Metals.

He said according to reports received, there were more eminent retrenchments at other mine companies and that this would impact negatively on both the economy at national and household levels.

He said the mining companies should not use the current global financial crisis as excuse to retrench workers because the financial crisis has not affected the economy on a large scale apart from affecting the global Copper prices.

Mr Mkandawire observed that mining companies should not use the global financial crisis to get back at government as a way of expressing their displeasure over the mineral tax regime which government introduced this year.

ZANIS/ENDS/LK/SJK

CEEF asked to avail locals application forms for funds

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Some councilors in Mwense District want the Citizens Economic Empowerment Fund, CEEF, to establish access points for its application forms to rural centers which lack financial institutions.

The councilors told ZANIS in Mansa that the shortage of CEEF application forms at designated places like Banks and lack of forms in Districts without banks had raised concerns to would be beneficiaries.

Speaking on behalf of concerned councilors, Chiefs Representative, Joshua Chama, said the unavailability of the forms in such areas led to lack of confidence by would be applicants over accessibility of the funds because it was now perceived that the Fund was only targeting people in urban areas and rural areas with banks.

Mr. Chama, who was accompanied by councilors from Mwense’s Munwa, Lundashi and Mambilima wards said it was expernsive for people in areas not serviced by the banks to travel to such areas to access forms.

“We are disappointed to find that the bank stocking the forms has run out of those catering for amounts ranging from 1million Kwacha to 50 million which cost K20,000 but is only having those for 50million and above which cost K100,000. When you factor these setbacks you realize that more money is spent trying to secure the application forms,” said Mr. Chama.

He appealed to the CEEF to identify access points for its application forms in areas like Mwense, which is not serviced by any bank, to use the Post office, the District Commissioners or Council Secretary’s Offices’ in order to lessen the hurdles people intending to apply would encounter.

And Mr Chama has said the councilors had through the Area Development Committees (ADC) sensitized their communities and various vulnerable interest groups over the CEEF.

He said the people in the various wards were now aware and eager to see some beneficiaries of the Fund coming from their area.

ZANIS/ENDS/DN/SJK

Govt wants more capacity building for local authorities

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North-Western Province Permanent Secretary, Jeston Mulando, has called for extensive capacity building in local authorities to enable them effectively implement the planning system.

Mr Mulando said consultations on the review of special planning registration in Zambia, revealed that there are a lot of capacity gaps at lower levels within the planning system.

He said for instance, there are too few planning inspectors and land administrators.

Mr Mulando said this in a speech read for him by his Deputy, Nkolola Hazemba, during a one-day provincial stakeholder consultative forum on the draft regional and urban Planning Bill in Solwezi today.

He, however, said it was gratifying to note that the proposed legislation tries to strike a balance between creating a system that could be implemented now by the current capacity, whilst ensuring that officials and other stakeholders strive to improve that capacity in the future.

Mr Mulando, further, noted that the application of the town and country planning Act is more biased to state owned land excluding customary tenure.

He said such a biased state of affairs has resulted into a lopsided nature of development in the country with state land which constituted only six percent of the land in the country receiving more development focus and investments at the expense of the rural areas.

Mr. Mulando said as a result the draft bill has a provision proposing for harmonising the role of both government and the traditional leaders in dealing with development in rural areas.

ZANIS/WEN/EML/ENDS/SJK

ZESCO power failure sends Mufulira town in water crisis

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-A Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation, ZESCO, power failure at Kafue Water Plant in Mufulira has created a water crisis affecting 50 per cent of the areas serviced by Mulonga Water and Sewerage Company.

Mulonga Water and Sewerage Company divisional Manager, Chris Chilekwa, told ZANIS that the company has not been able to pump water to the afftected areas in the last 48 hours due to non availability of electric power supply.

Mr Chilekwa said operations at Kafue river water plant were grounded to a halt on Monday evening.

Residents in the affected areas are trekking to former mine township serviced areas to fetch the commodity.

Mr Chilekwa said Mulonga will provide water in drums for the health institutions as a measure to cushion the impact.

The affected areas include Fairview, town centre, Kamuchanga, Chibolya and Eastlea.

Kamuchanga General Hospital and some clinics are among the affected public institutions.

And ZESCO branch manager, Arnold Nguni, said the power utility company suspect that a Zesco cable that feed Mulonga water substation at Kafue water works could have caused the fault at the water plant.

Mr. Nguni, who could not indicate when the situation will normalize, stated that workers have already been dispatched to Kafue to diagnose the fault.

He, however, said heavy rains the district experienced last night has hampered the works at Kafue.

ZANIS/PS/EML/ENDS/SJK

ZAF corporal convicted for defilement

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The Mbala Magistrates Court has committed a Zambia Air Force officer to the High Court for sentencing after convicting him of defilement.

Before Magistrate, Stanley Sinyangwe, was Corporal Crispin Mutemwa Masheke, 30, a Zambia Air Force officer based at ZAF Mbala Air Base, who was charged with defilement contrary to Section 138 sub-section of Act number 15 of the Penal Code chapter 87 of the Laws of Zambia.

The accused pleaded guilty to the charge of having canal knowledge of the below aged below 16.

And in his ruling, Magistrate Sinyangwe, said he committed Masheke to the High Court because the offence committed required a stiffer sentence which was beyond his jurisdiction.

Particulars of the offence were that on unknown dates but between January and November, this year, Masheke did have unlawful carnal knowledge of a named girl aged 10, whom he was looking after.

Facts of the case were that the accused repeatedly defiled the girl after grabbing her from the bedroom into the sitting room of his house.

The ordeal allegedly started last year after Masheke took custody of the girl following the death of one of her parents.

However, the matter was reported to the police, who later arrested the accused on November 25, this year for defilement.

And a medical report presented to the court revealed that the child was defiled and may have contracted a Sexually Transmitted Infection following sexual abuse, as indicated by a urinary infection that she developed.

Meanwhile, Magistrate Sinyangwe, warned perpetrators of defilement and other offences that the courts of law would not relent in meting out stiffer punishment on perpetrators as a measure of deterring would-be offenders.

Defilement is one of the serious sexual offences in the laws of Zambia and carries a minimum sentence of 15 years imprisonment with hard labour for those found guilt of the offence.

ZANIS/WS/ENDS/SJK

President Banda jets into Abuja

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President Rupiah Banda waves at MMD cadres before he left for Nigeria at Lusaka international airport
President Rupiah Banda waves at MMD cadres before he left for Nigeria at Lusaka international airport

President, Rupiah Banda, has arrived in Abuja, Nigeria for a two-day official visit.

President Banda touched down at Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport at 17 hours local time.

He is accompanied by Foreign Affairs Minister, Kabinga Pande and his counterpart at Energy and Water Affairs Minister, Kenneth Konga, and some other senior government officials .

The President was welcomed by Nigerian Foreign Affairs Minister, Ojo Maduekwem, Zambian High Commissioner to that country Godfrey Musonda, his deputy, Richard Kachingwe, and Zambians living in Nigeria.

President Banda is tomorrow expected to hold private talks with his Nigerian counterpart President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua before returning to Lusaka in the afternoon.

President Banda’s visit to Nigeria has raised expectations of strengthening bilateral ties for the economic and social development of the two countries.

Zambian High Commissioner to Nigeria, Godfrey Musonda, yesterday held that President Banda has shown determination to use bilateral relations existing between Zambian and Nigeria to attract more investment from west Africa for the economic benefit of the national economy.

Mr Musonda indicated that Nigerian financial institutions, among them the Access Bank, UBA and Eco Bank have since negotiated to open business in Zambia, adding that more potential investors have expressed intetrest to work with Zambian businesses in various economic development programmes.