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Lusaka City Council loses K 60 billion in unpaid rates.

8

Lusaka City Council (LCC) is losing an estimated cost of K60 billion in unpaid rates annually.

This is according to a Valuation Roll listing register which shows that commercial
properties are topping the list.

This came to light during a Strategic Planning Workshop which ended yesterday at
Siavonga’s Manchinchi Bay lodge in Siavonga.

Valuation and Real Estate Management Department Assistant Director Mwansa Sambo said the LCC has not been able to update its Valuation Roll since 1995 resulting in the
loss of revenue.

Mr Sambo disclosed that about 30 000 stocks are currently rated in the city while
about 70 000 are not taxed due to the outdated Valuation Roll.

In 2001, a budget estimate was done on the implementation of the Valuation Roll and
money committed by Government towards the exercise but it did not take off due to
unexplained circumstances.

However, Mr Mwansa noted that the local authority was currently in discussions with
cooperating partners to ensure that the Valuation Roll is updated.

The Assistasnt Director  also called for a legal framework that will clearly
stipulate what direction the Council is supposed to take in Public Private
Partnerships to enhance infrastructure development.

”We do not have an adequate legal framework for PPPs, nothing has been formalized
and the Council has been on the receiving end”, Mr Sambo said.

Lusaka City Council which has been operating without a Strategic Plan since the
expiry of the 1999-2004 Plan called a one- week long workshop to craft a new one to
run from 2008 to 2013.

The Strategic Plan once completed is aimed at developing a strategic direction for
Lusaka City to mark the beginning of consultations with key stakeholders and
partners.

Former Police chief Francis Musonda to head the re-launched crime prevention

14

Former Inspector General of Police Francis Musonda has been elected as new chairperson of the Crime Prevention Foundation of Zambia (CPFZ).

In a statement released to ZANIS in Lusaka today, CPFZ vice National Chairman
Martine Mtonga said Mr. Musonda was elected after an extra ordinary national
executive council member general meeting held last week.

Mr. Mtonga said the election of Mr. Musonda follows the recent registration and
re-launch of the foundation with the registrar of societies.

He said the foundation will among other operations organise, co-ordinate, promote
activities and assist organisations for the purpose of crime prevention.

Mr. Mtonga added that the foundation will also assist activities of organisations
working for the rehabilitation of victims, offenders and former offenders in Zambia.

Mr. Mtonga said the foundation is for the benefit of Zambians irrespective of their
race, creed or religion as it aims to curb the rising crime activities in the
country.

Mwinilunga West MP threatens to spill the beans of his council

10

Mwinilunga West Member of Parliament (MP), Elijah Muchima, has threatened to spill the beans if council officials at Mwinilnga District Council continue to defraud government of huge sums of money at the expense of development.

The visibly annoyed Muchima intercepted a K1.5 million cheque from the council as
inducement to a named auditor from the Ministry of Local Government and Housing
Headquarters in Lusaka.

Speaking in an interview with ZANIS in Lusaka today, Mr. Muchima called for a
complete overhaul for council personnel if there could be sanity at the local
authrity.

Mr. Muchima, who is also Community Develoment and Social services Deputy Minister,
said, due to rampant finacial scandals, Mwinilunga District Council is owing its
workers a 23-month non-payment of salary.

Mr. Muchima, who himself is a Councillor as Local Government Act stipulates, pointed
out that he should be invited and to attend any Full Council Meetings.

He aleged that the council  has a tendancy of avoiding to invite other councillors
from far flung areas.

He warned that officials at the council should strive to engage in viable income
generating ventures and desist from eyeing Constutuency Development Fund (CDF) among
other funds released by government.

“Yes, Mwinilunga council needs to be cleaned because there are serious financial
scandals. There is no transparency there. It needs to be cleaned up so soon as
possible.

“On August 21,  I incepted a K1.5 million cheque to be paid to an auditor because I
could not clearly understand the payment, therefore, as I am concerned the payment
remains blocked,” Mr. Muchima lamented.

Health workers abandon Moobe clinic due to witchcraft

1

All health workers at Moobe Rural Health Centre in Mazabuka have abandoned the clinic due to alleged  witchcraft.

Musaya ward councillor, Timothy Chipolyonga disclosed this to ZANIS in Mazabuka.

Mr Chipolyonga said the clinical officer and nurses fled the health institution a
week ago because of bizzare and mysterious happenings in their homes at night.

The councillor, who has condemned villagers for intimidating health workers using
black magic, said Chief Naluama has since been informed and has called for an urgent
meeting to resolve the problem.

He said currently the staff have relocated to Turn Pike where they have found
temporary accomodation but have to commute for work in the morning and knock off at
15 hours from Monday to Friday.

Mr Chipolyonga observed that the delivery of health services has been affected as a
result of harassment of workers especially over the weekend when the centre is
closed until Monday.

Mpulungu councillor urges government to help ZNS rehabilitate roads

0

Mpulungu District Council Chairman, Gehard Sikazwe, has appeald to the government to assist the Zambia National Service (ZNS) speed up the rehabilitation of the roads leading to farming blocs  before the onset of the rainy season.

In an interview with ZANIS, Sikazwe feared that agriculture inputs, such as
fertilizers and seeds, may not reach the farmers on time  because of the poor state
of the roads in the areas.

He said although ZNS are doing a commendable job in trying open up the roads,
government must step in and assist them with any machinery and fuel to finish their
work in time.

Mr Sikazwe said currently transporters are having a tough time transporting maize
and other agriculture produce from the farming blocs to the market because of the
poor state of the roads.

He said the roads will be made worse when the rainy season begins as they will
become impassable, a situation that he said may lead to last year’s experience when
some foods were left to rot  in the farming blocs.

Meanwhile the council chairman has challenged the Chambeshi Water and Sewerage
Company to improve their water provision service to the residents of Mpulungu.

Mr Sikazwe said the water utility company must capitalize on the vast water
resources on lake Tanganyika to improve their record in proving safe and clean water
on a 24 hours basis.

He said Mpulungu should be one of the many districts in the country where water
shortages and rationing must be made history because of its abundant water resource.

Government disburses K2.8bn to purchase maize in Mazabuka

0

Government, through the Food Reserve Agency (FRA), has so far disbursed K 2.8 Billion to Mazabuka district for the payment of farmers who sold their maize to the agency.

Mazabuka District Agricultural Coordinator, Richard Nambwalu, disclosed this to
ZANIS in Mazabuka today.

Mr Nambwalu said the steady release of funds and the lifting of the suspension on
maize purchase has cheered farmers.

He said the FRA has so far procured over 250,000 by 50 Kilogramme bags of maize,
beating the district target by over 45,000 bags.

Meanwhile, Mr Nambwalu has disclosed that the FRA has started transporting maize
from rural depots whose storage facilities are filled to capacity to create room for
the maize which is stacked outside the sheds.

He said the maize is being transported to the main depot in Kaleya area.

Levy says traditional ceremonies are important events on cultural calendar

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Go to fullsize imagePresident Levy Mwanawasa says traditional ceremonies will continue  being important events on the cultural calendar of the nation.

Mr. Mwanawasa says this is because traditional ceremonies are an integral part of the oral traditions, folklore and culture of the nation passed on from generation to generation.

President Mwanawasa said this in a speech read for him by Labour and Social Security
Minister, Ronald Mukuma, in Chief Bunda Bunda’s chiefdom during the celebrations of
the 11th Chibwela Kumushi traditional ceremony of the Soli people in Chinyuyu in
Chongwe district yesterday.

He said the cultural events provide the opportunity for children, youth and visitors
to assimilate the country’s values and beliefs.

The President said ceremonies enable Zambians to fully participate in culture and
heritage of the country instead of the Western and global influences that impact
negatively on country’s values and beliefs.

He noted that traditional ceremonies also afford government leaders an opportunity
to fraternize with chiefs in order to learn from their wisdom and counsel.

He added that government leaders utilize these opportunities to explain its
developmental programmes in areas such as agriculture, education, health, mining
among others.

The President reiterated government’s commitment to uplift the standard of life and
welfare of the people of  Bunda Bunda.

He said government has since set aside a substantial amount of money for the
construction of the proposed Bunda Bunda Hospital.

President Mwanawasa also assured the people of  Bunda Bunda that his government will
not sit idle and watch people die of hunger.

He said his government has put in place measures to mitigate  the hunger situation
existing in Bunda Bunda and other parts of the country where there was poor crop
harvest.

And President Mwanawasa has called on traditional rules to take a leading role in
the keeping their villages clean and green in line with the Keep Zambia clean and
healthy campaign recently launched.

He appealed to the Royal Highness to ensure that all headmen under their charge take
the campaign as their serious responsibility.

He said he looks forward to seeing clean and healthy environment in villages and
communities.

And speaking earlier, Chief Bunda Bunda commended government for taking development to his chiefdom.

In a speech read for him by Jim Kaliwa, Chief Bunda Bunda noted that government has
put up projects, such as building of  classroom blocks  at Mpamba Basic School, and
the construction of teachers houses.

Chief Bunda Bunda, however, appealed to government to introduce Soli and Lenje on
radio so that they become among the seven local languages currently being aired on
Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC)  and further called on all Solis in
Lusaka Province to use soli in their homes. 

She also complained of poor  network on Celtel, and called on the mobile phone
cellular phone provider to improve on its network coverage in the area.

Chibwela Kumushi traditional ceremony is celebrated by the Soli people of Chief
Bunda Bunda to celebrate the hard work of peasant farmers in the Chiefdom.

In attendance were Lusaka Province Permanent Secretary, Susan Sikaneta, with her
Deputy ,Josephine Kafwembe, Chongwe District Commissioner ,Conrald Tembo, his
Luangwa counterpart, Captain Stanslous Kalunga, Provincial heads and district heads
of government departments.

Others included the royal highness Chief Mpuka of Luangwa, Chief Mpasha and  Her
Royal Highness Chieftainess Shikabeta.

His Royal Highness Chief Bunda Bunda received various gifts which included a plough,
bicycle, food stuffs among others.

FAZ negligent over players, family members – Chifire

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Government says the welfare of Zambia National Team  players and that of their spouses is the due responsibility of the Football Association of Zambia (FAZ) and it will only intervene when FAZ has failed.

Sports Deputy Minister, Angela Chfire, says it is frustrating to see that FAZ is
looking onto everything from government instead of being independent.

Commenting on the wife of the late Nkana Football Club and International soccer
star, GIBSON MBASELA, who has been evicted from her house following a wrangle over
ownership of the house, Chifire said it is neglecglence on the part of FAZ.

She said FAZ should have resolved all the necessary pertinent issues obout the
welfare of players, noting that players greatly contributed to uplifting the soccer
standards in the country.

The Deputy Minister said although government is concerned, such matters could be
avoided if only the football governeing body, FAZ, pays particular attention to its
members and those stringed to it.

Mrs MBASELA, who is currently out of the country attending a Marketeers conference
in Brazil under Zambia Natinal MArketeers Association (ZANAMA), had her property
thrown out of her house last evening.

According to ZNBC news and monitored by ZANIS, Mrs. MBASELA’s children and
sympathisers from the Zambia National Marketeers Association were found outside the
house in Nkana East.

One of the Children, HUMPHREY MBASELA said he was caught unawares by the action
taken by the person who evicted them from the house.

And lawyer representing Mrs MBASELA, LOVENESS MBALUKU, refused to comment on the matter.

ZANIS/ZNBC

Health department in Choma advised to revisit distribution of mosquito nets

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Marketeers at Choma’s main Makalanguzu market have implored the Ministry of Health to revisit the on-going distribution of insecticide treated mosquito nets as the exercise has lamentably failed to meet their expectations and targets.

Market chairman, Lawrence Mutemwa,  told ZANIS in Choma today that it is sad to not
that a well intended government programme has not been properly handled as most
vulnerable people have been left out in the distribution programme.

Mr Mutemwa said most marketeers had not benefited from the distribution exercise of
free insecticide treated mosquito nets.

He said the survey he conducted at  Mwapona Township showed that most families had
equally been left out even when one household had received one net only.

He said the malaria task force that was constituted to over-see the government
sponsored mass distribution of the nets had lamentably failed to execute its job
diligently.

Mr Mutemwa said people had been assured, through the ministry’s own advertisements
in the media, that households would receive nets based on the number of people in a
family.

Mr Mutemwa said the Ministry of Health would do well to urgently address the
shortcomings as most residents feel cheated.

Two days ago, Choma residents association chairman, Kennedy Mukuma, described the
distribution exercise as chaotic, and called upon the ministry to review the
exercise if the fight against malaria, which still accounts for the high mortality
in the distric,t is to be meaningful.

He said it was a mockery to give one net to a household constituting ten family
members.

But manager for Planning and Development at the district health office, Likando
Mukelabai, said only 80, 000 nets were supplied to the district against the project
requirement of 96, 000.

Mr Mukelabai told ZANIS in Choma that the ministry would undertake an assessment of the shortfall and appeal for additional supplies from the ministry in Lusaka and
other cooperating partners.

Govt urged to speed up implementation of decentralization process

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Samfya District Commissioner, Sylvester Chimfwembe, says government should speed up the decentralization process for it to be completed soon.

Mr. Chimfwembe made the call yesterday when he received copies of the English and
Bemba versions of the Fifth National Development Plan and Vision 2003 from the
ministry of finance and national planning.

He said the decentralization process should be completed quickly due to its critical
factor on the government’s ability to meet development targets as set in FNDP and
Vision 2030.

He said it will be difficult to translate the development objectives in the FNDP and
the vision 2030 into tangible development projects without decentralizing the
governance system and allocation of resources.

He said once fully implemented decentralization will ensure active involvement of
people in economic development activities while social service delivery will answer
to the real aspirations of communities.

The district commissioner advised cabinet to come up with an action plan that will
facilitate the completion of the process with minimal delay.

And presenting the FNDP and vision 2030 copies to the DC, ministry of finance and
national development Senior Economist, Mubita Luwabelwa, said the decentralization
process is a key component of FNDP.

Livingstone MMD recommends suspension of councilor

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The MMD constituency in Livingstone has recommended  the expulsion of Zambezi  MMD Ward Councillor, Philimon Musonda, from the party.

Livingstone MMD constituency secretary, Vincent Mulobela, has confirmed the
suspension of Mr. Musonda.

Mr. Mulobela told ZANIS in Livingstone that Mr. Musonda was suspended on July 29,
this year and a letter was written recommending for his expulsion from the party.

Mr Mulobela explained that a letter was written to Mr Musonda asking him to
exculpate himself to which he replied.

He said Mr Musonda was then called for oral interviews on Monday this week and that
during the same interviews , he was found guilty of gross indiscipline.

But Mr Musonda has denied ever having received such a letter and being called for
any interviews.

”I don’t know anything about that. I have never received such a letter. You find
out from themselves (constituency),” he said.

Livingstone Town Clerk, George Kalenga, said he was aware of the issue but he
refered all querries to the party officials.

”I am aware of that case. They wrote to me but the party must clarify the issue,
not me,” he said.

And Southern province MMD Vice-Provincial chairman, Solomon Muzyamba, said he had
not seen Mr Msonda’s suspension letter by the constituency.

Mr Muzyamba, who is also in-charge of the disciplinary committee of the party said
he did not know the reasons for the suspension of Mr Musonda.

Mr Muzyamba said in the event where Councillor Musonda is found with a case to
answer, action would be taken adding that the party was not sitting idle.

ZANIS

Court discharges Regina, but…

127

The State has entered a nolle prosequi in the case in which former President Frederick Chiluba’s wife, Regina, was charged with nine counts of receiving and obtaining stolen State property.

The Ndola Magistrates Court allowed the State’s application and also awarded costs to the accused.
Principal Resident Magistrate, Chilombo Phiri, also ordered the State to hand back all the property used as exhibits in the case.

Mrs Phiri said in her ruling that the court had no right to question the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) on the nolle prosequi entered.

“Having seen the nolle entered on all nine counts, I hereby discharge the accused on all the charges, and since the case proceedings have come to an end, all the exhibits must be reinstalled to the owner,” she said.

Senior Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) prosecutor who is attached to the Task Force on Corruption, Dennis Simwinga, applied that the case be discontinued.
Earlier, Mr Simwinga told the court that the DPP had decided to discontinue the matter.

“My instructions this morning from the DPP are to discontinue the matter by entering a nolle prosequi,” he said.

Later, Mr Simwinga opposed the release of property to Mrs Chiluba.

He said the court should not allow that the State hand back the property because Mrs Chiluba had not been acquitted.

Mr Simwinga said the accused could be re-arrested on fresh evidence.

He said the court should also not award costs because the accused was taken to court through normal procedures.

But defence lawyer, Robert Simeza, opposed the application, stating that it was not competent for the DPP to enter a nolle at this late hour after the case had been closed and the court was about to deliver a ruling.

Mr Simeza said the State should have considered discontinuing the case earlier instead of wasting the court’s time.

He said the application by the State was a clear case of abuse of the court process and malicious prosecution, which should not be allowed.

Mr Simeza later applied that since the State had entered a nolle prosequi, the court should award costs to the accused as well as return her property, which was seized and used in court as exhibits.

The exhibits include four vehicles, three buildings, a Toshiba television set and her frozen bank accounts.

He argued that even if the State decided to resume the case, there should be fresh evidence to be used in the proceedings because the court had discharged the matter.

Before the magistrate walked out of the courtroom, Mrs Chiluba’s sympathisers started singing songs of praise as police officers ushered them out.

When an excited Mrs Chiluba walked out of the courtroom, she was welcomed by Patriotic Front (PF) sympathisers who waved their party symbol in solidarity with her.

Police clad in riot gear dispersed the sympathisers from the court premises, but the happy crowd went onto Independence Avenue and continued with their celebrations.

In the same court, MMD Copperbelt chairman, Terence Findlay, gave a fresh plea to in the possession of obscene materials count.

Earlier, Findlay was charged with rape and occasioning actual bodily harm on dates unknown but between May 1 and June 3, 2007.

Mr Findlay pleaded not guilty to all charges.
Particulars of the offence are that in the first count, Findlay allegedly had carnal knowledge of a girl.

In the second count, the accused is charged with being in possession of obscene materials after he was found with a DVD containing pornographic images.

On the third count, it is alleged that Findlay assaulted a named girl, occasioning actual bodily harm.
Deputy Copperbelt prosecutor, Christopher Kanema, applied to substitute the previous indictment with a fresh one to allow fresh pleas to be taken.

The matter has been adjourned to September 24, 2207, for mention and October 17 and 18, 2007 for commencement of trial.

Lawyers Eric Silwamba of Silwamba and Company, Lawrence Matibini of L. Matibini and Company and Mwambo Mutale of York Partners are representing Findlay.

Daily Mail

ZNUT members threaten to strike over housing allowance arrears

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The Zambia National Union of Teachers, ZNUT, has appealed to government to consider releasing funds for payment of teachers’ outstanding housing allowances in Northern province to avert a rooming strike.

ZNUT National Organizing Secretary, Christopher Chanda, said it was unfortunate that
government  continued to delay the payment of teachers’ housing allowances despite
assurances made.

He said as result of the non-payment of housing allowances, teachers were now
threatening to boycott classes when schools re-open for the third term next month.

Mr. Chanda complained that many teachers were still owed arrears from fixed band
houses allowances dating back to 2002 adding that this had negatively affected the
morale of the teachers in the province.

He noted that it was government’s responsibility to ensure that teachers acquire
decent accommodation through timely release of funds for housing allowances.

But provincial Education Officer, Selesho Chanda, disclosed that government released
funds towards the payment of housing allowances to teachers in the province some
three weeks ago.

Mr. Chanda, however, assured teachers that he would make a follow-up on the
disbursement of the funds to ensure that eligible teachers receive their dues.

He further urged teachers not to strike when schools open on September 3, as
government was committed to offsetting their housing allowance arrears once funds
were available.

Government has secured K200 billion to buy excess maize from farmers – Levy

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Government has secured K200 billion to buy excess maize from farmers through out the country.

President Levy Mwanawasa announced this today when he addressed hundreds of people who received him on arrival at Chipata Airport.

Mr. Mwanawasa is in Chipata to attend tomorrow’s Kulamba traditional ceremony of the
Chewa people at Mkaika in Katete district.

Mr. Mwanawasa said he held a meeting in Lusaka yesterday with representatives of a
bank he did not name, who agreed to advance the Food Reserve Agency (FRA) a sum of
K200 billion to mop up excess grain from farmers around the country.

He was responding to concerns raised by Eastern Province Minister LamecK Mangani
that farmers in the province were still stuck with maize.

He assured the farmers that the FRA would mop up all their excess maize following
the acquisition of the K200 billion.

Mr. Mwanawasa urged the farmers to continue working hard and produce more maize in the next farming season.

And Mr. Mwanawasa  has commended Member of Parliament (MPs) for passing the National Constitutional Conference (NCC) bill in parliament yesterday.

He said it was gratifying to note that MPs from the opposition overwhelmingly
supported the bill.

He said this signified the fact that they were ready to put national interest above
their partisan inclination.

The President said that the only time and resources available to Zambians was to
work together in developing the country as squabbles, unconstructive arguments and
unnecessary criticism will not take the country anywhere.

Mr. Mwanawasa called on Zambians to support him in the remaining four years of his
tenure of office so that he leaves behind a better Zambia.

He said that people who are criticising him now over the constitution were
themselves responsible for the mess which his government is trying to correct in as
far as the principal law of land is concerned.

He called on the critiques to give him space to govern as mandated by the people of
Zambia in 2001 and the renewed mandate during the 2006 elections.

Meanwhile Mr. Mwanawasa has commended the people of Eastern province for supporting him and the ruling MMD during the 2006 elections.

President Mwanawasa said he was happy that the people in the province had shifted
their support to the ruling MMD compared to 2001 when the party did not perform well
in the province.

He said his government would do everything possible to develop the well fare of the
people In the province.

He cited the Chipata/Mchinji railway project, who construction work he and his
Malawian counterpart, Bingu Wa Mutharika are due to commission today as one of the
developmental projects aimed at improving the quality of life of the people in the
province and the country as a whole.

Mr. Mwanawasa said the railway line is expected to be completed by the end of this
year or mid next year.

He added that during the construction phase, a lot of Zambians living along the
railway line are expected to benefit in various ways including job creation.

The railway line is later expected to reach Petauke on the way to join Tazara.

Meanwhile, President of Malawi, Bingu Wa Mutharika is also expected in Chipata ahead
of the Kulamba ceremony in Mkaika tomorrow.

Mozambique President Armando Guebuza is due to arrive tomorrow in Katete for the
same ceremony.

Presidents Mwanawasa and Mutarika are expected to commission the construction works of the Chipata/Mchinji railway before separately paying courtesy calls on paramount chief Kalonga Gawa Undi.

In the evening, the two heads of state are expected to attend a royal dinner at
Apollo Officers’ Mess in Chipata.

Paramount Chief Kalonga Gawa Undi and several other chiefs from Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia are also expected to attend the dinner.

Zambia is a model of good governance – Chuma

44

Go to fullsize imageUnited Nations Development Programme country representative Aeneas Chuma has described Zambia as model in terms of good governance not only to the southern African region but the entire continent.

He says most countries, particularly those that are emerging from wars and civil
strife can learn lessons from Zambia’s viable democratic process.

Mr. Chuma was speaking in Lusaka today when female delegation of local government
administrators from Southern Sudan paid a courtesy call on him.

The delegation is in the country familiarize itself and learn on how women in Zambia
participate in policy formulation, local governance and women networks.

He said due to the country’s continued upholding of peace and stability, Zambia has
now been recognised as an important source of knowledge for the developing
countries.

Mr. Chuma said UNDP has been working closely with the Zambian government on the
country’s decentralization policy and implementation plan to ensure that development
is close to the people as possible.

He said therefore it is important that Southern Sudan began working on a policy
framework on decentralization and implementation plan that will accelerate the
empowerment of women in that country.

He urged the delegation to ensure that the Sudanese government incorporate the
development of a gender policy framework and action plan in the national gender
programme to help address the gender imbalance in that country.

And delegation leader Tabisa Guwang Awok commended the Zambian government for
accepting to willingly share with them the experiences on local governance,
community participation and gender empowerment particularly on the fight against
HIV/AIDS.

She admired Zambia’s institutional arrangement and government commitment in the
local governance system and gender programme.

Ms. Awok said women in Southern Sudan were eager to be part of the development
process of that country particularly on formulation of policies that will enhance
the participation of women in decision making at all levels.

The delegation has over the past five days exchanged views with senior government
officials, Local Government Association of Zambia, representatives of
non-governmental organizations and international development agencies.

Currently Southern Sudan is embarking on the processes of reconstruction,
rehabilitation, reconciliation and reintegration and this requires the strengthening
of capacities of the different levels of governance in the country.

Provision of basic services particularly in rural communities, is still a major
challenge to the two-year old government in South Sudan.

The protracted civil war which was ignited before independence in 1956 had
devastating effects on various social, economical and political aspects of life in
Africa’s largest country.