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Father Frank Bwalya
The ruling Patriotic Front has dismissed as nonsense reports that it has been mobilising Malawian nationals to register as voters in the just ended mobile voter registration exercise in Eastern province.
PF Central Committee Chairperson for Information Frank Bwalya says such reports are only a perpetration of political parties that have foreseen their defeat in the 2016 general election.
Father Bwalya suspects that the opposition UPND which earlier alleged that the ruling PF is using Israelis to rig the 2016 general election are the ones behind such media reports.
He says there is no way the ruling PF can encourage foreign nationals to register as voters when it has been winning elections in the country without the involvement of foreigners.
Father Bwalya has also distanced the ruling party from the attacks on two journalists who were investigating the same reports of Malawian nationals allegedly registering as Zambian Voters.
He states that the people who attacked the two investigative journalists could have been those that were angered for being referred to as Malawians when in fact they are Zambians.
Alex Borrelli, chief executive of BMR Mining (LON:BMR), discusses the company’s plans to generate revenue by extracting lead and zinc from the vast tailings deposits at the Kabwe mine in Zambia.
Kabwe was discovered at the turn of the 20th century but officially closed down in 1994 due to its operations becoming uneconomic at that time.
Now BMR is developing a pilot plant for its Kabwe lead and zinc project in Zambia that will be able to process a minimum of five tons of tailings or waste rock an hour.
A 24-YEAR-OLD man has told a Livingstone magistrate’s court that he defiled a 15-year-old because he thought she was 18 years old.
Kenneth Masheka, of unmarked house number in Dambwa North township is charged with defilement.
It is alleged that on unknown dates but in May this year in Livingstone, he had unlawful carnal knowledge of a girl under the age of 16.
When the matter came up for plea magistrate Michael Mulalelo explained to Masheka that if he reasonably believed that the girl was above 16 years he could use that as part of his defence in court.
Masheka told the court that it was true he had sex with the girl because he believed she was old.
“Your worship, I have understood the charge and I admit it, I had sex with her. There is no way I can deny this charge,” he said.
“I only had sex with the girl because she had told me that she was born in 1997, and when I calculated the age I found that she was 18 years old. I did not find anything wrong in having sex with her,” he said.
Mr Mulalelo said he would record a plea of not guilty to the charge and that the case would go into trial.
He adjourned the matter to Thursday next week for trial.
Davies Chama addressing PF Members at the mobilisation meeting
PATRIOTIC Front (PF) secretary general Davis Chama is on a marathon tour of Southern Province in a bid to cut the political dominance of the United Party for National Development (UPND) in the region ahead of the 2016 general elections.
He is also in Southern Province to mend his relationship with the people of the region following controversy earlier this year that he had insulted Tongas which compelled President Edgar Lungu to meet with the traditional leadership in the area.
Mr Chama told the Daily Nation in Sinazongwe that he had undertaken a tour of Southern Province to resuscitate the PF structures at all levels ahead of the 2016 general elections.
He said he had met with several chiefs in Southern Province and that it was pleasing that the messages from the chiefs were about forgiveness, reconciliation, tolerance and unity.
Mr Chama said he met Chiefs Chongo in Monze, Sinazongwe, Mweemba and other traditional leaders who have warned against the risk of changing Government next year because such an act would have serious economic and political ramifications.
He said the chiefs were aware that there was a particular media house in the country that was propagating hatred, tribalism and politics of malice and were concerned with the agenda of some politicians to divide the country on the basis of ethnicity.
“We have been on tour of Southern Province and have had encouraging meetings with our traditional leaders. We are receiving overwhelming reception from the people and the message from our chiefs is all about forgiveness, reconciliation, unity and development.
‘‘The traditional leaders are happy with the selfless leadership President Lungu is providing and have warned against the risk of changing government next year. They have cautioned against experimenting leadership because they understand the ramifications of such acts,” Mr Chama said.
Mr Chama explained that the chiefs in Southern Province did not want to dwell on the artificial differences which were negating development and that he was happy that Chief Sinazongwe candidly emphasized the need to support President Lungu.
He said the four years the PF was in Government was not enough to judge the leadership of President Lungu and it was only prudent that the Head of State should be given a new mandate to continue with his vision.
Mr Chama explained that the people of Southern Province supported UNIP for 27 years and gave the MMD 20 years and were now willing to ensure that the PF term should run the full course.
He stated that the PF Government was not going to be voted out next year and predicted that the ruling party was going to be in Government for a long time to come because Zambians had developed a lot of confidence in President Lungu.
“For the first time in history, all farmers have been paid all their money and they have received their seed and fertilizer. The farmers are only worried about the weather which we have no control over.
‘‘This Government is here to stay and it is amazing how much development has come to Southern Province despite the people not voting for the PF,” Mr Chama said.
PF entourage of Davies ChamaDavies Chama being welcomed at a PF mobilization eventMembers of PF gathered to Listen to Davies ChamaDavies Chama with Senior PF party Officials in Southern ProvinceDavies Chama addressing PF Members at the mobilisation meetingPF Secretary General Davies Chama (far left) receives a UPND defector Aggefrey Brill (far right) as PF members of the Central Committee Paul Moonga (next to Mr Chama) and Siacheye Madyankuku looks onPF Secretary General Davies Chama (far left) receives a UPND defector Aggefrey Brill (far right) as PF members of the Central Committee Paul Moonga (next to Mr Chama) and Siacheye Madyankuku looks on
Gender Minister Prof. Nkandu Luo (l) confers with her counterpart Community Development Minister Emerine Kabanshi (r) during the launch of the Nalolo GBV One Stop Centre supported by the Government of Zambia and United Nations Joint Programme on GBV in Nalolo District
Gender Minister Nkandu Luo says her ministry is considering coming up with a bill that will make sexual offences such defilement and rape non bailable.
Professor Luo says this is in an effort to deter perpetrators of sexual violence.
She says will ensure that the Sexual Violence Bill is enacted into law in three months time, stating that it is high time the country starts punishing sex offenders differently.
Professor Luo notes that a lot has been said about sexual violence over the years, but that such cases have continued to be recorded.
She says her ministry would leave no stone unturned in bringing to book perpetrators of Gender Based Violence.
MAIZE exports have contributed significantly to the foreign exchange earnings of Zambia and this should trigger more maize production by farmers, says Agriculture minister Given Lubinda.
Mr Lubinda said Zambia was now poised to be the regional bread basket for not only maize but also for wheat, soya beans and other crops and livestock.
He was speaking at the Indaba Agriculture Policy Institute (IAPRI) open day and launch of the Agriculture in Zambia, Past Present and Future book and the Atlas of the Smallholder Farming Sector in Zambia.
Mr Lubinda said the devotion and commitment to providing evidence and scientific analysis to farmers had helped shape some of the key decisions in the sector.
He said one such example was the debate of keeping the borders open for the export of maize in Zambia.
“The effect of this is that we have seen maize exports contributing significantly to the foreign exchange earnings of the country.
“This will help trigger more maize production by farmers. Zambia is now poised to be the regional bread basket for not only maize but also for wheat, soya beans and other crops and livestock,” he said.
Mr Lubinda said the open day allowed Government collect other research outputs that could assist in policy decision making and implementation process.
He also announced that a day had been set aside for farmers to commemorate their work starting from 2016.
“We have teachers day, youth day and other days that are celebrated but farmers do not have their day so starting from next year, they will also be celebrating their day,” he said.
Meanwhile, IAPRI executive director Chance Kabaghe said the institution was interested in seeing agriculture becoming major forex earner.
Mr Kabaghe said IAPRI was closely working with different agriculture stakeholders to ensure the success of the sector.
At the same function, Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) awarded 3 Zambians for actively working hand in hand with the organisation.
FAO country representative George Okech said the organisation wanted to celebrate its 70th anniversary of operations by awarding people who helped disseminate information about the organisation.
Mr Okech explained that 50 people had been awarded across Africa while 3 of them were Zambians among them a Journalist from Zambia Daily Mail Esther Mseteka.
Power Generation and Allied Workers Union of Zambia (POGAWUZ) has welcomed the appointment of Dr Lemba nyirenda with ZESCO with ZESCO Managing Dorector ad interim Victor Mundende cutting a cake
Acting ZESCO Managing Director Victor Mundende has been confirmed as the utility’s Chief Executive Officer with immediate effect.
Minister of Energy Dora Siliya confirmed to ZNBC news that Mr. Mundende is now the Managing Director for ZESCO.
Ms. Siliya says government has decided to confirm Mr. Mundende who has been acting in the position for nine months because he has proved himself as a capable manager during the energy crisis the country is facing.
The Minister is confident that Mr. Mundende will continue to position ZESCO as an efficient service provider and address the challenges the energy sector is facing.
Ms. Siliya wished Mr. Mundende the best in his position
Meanwhile, Government is working hard to ensure that the energy crisis in the country does not worsen, Energy and Water Development Minister Dora Siliya has assured.
She said Government was under pressure to maintain the current electricity levels and ensure that the situation did not degenerate.
Ms Siliya was speaking during a stakeholders meeting held at Kansanshi hotel in Solwezi recently.
She said the energy crisis cannot be blamed on anyone as the situation had been caused by natural phenomena and increased national demand.
Ms Siliya noted that while other sectors such as the mining industry and other industries have been expanding, the energy sector had remained the same with little investment.
“Unfortunately this demand has been exacerbated by continued low rainfall and lack of investment in the energy sector.
“It is therefore unfair to blame the crisis on any one or any particular party because no single party has been in power for the last 40 years; shall we blame the PF, UNIP or is it MMD?” she asked.
Ms Siliya said rumours being peddled by certain individuals that load shedding was caused by faulty machinery bought by the Patriotic Front government were untrue.
She said Zambians should consider investing in the energy sector to supplement Government efforts.
“We understand that it is hard for Zambians to invest at the moment due to the current economic hardships,” Ms. Siliya said. She however noted that Zambians should take keen interest and take advantage of the opportunity open to them.
Rainford Kalaba and his Zambian compatriots’ FIFA World Cup debut ended in disappointment after TP Mazembe were eliminated from the quarterfinals in Japan on Sunday.
Mazembe were knockout of the tournament by Japanese club Sanfrecce Hiroshima iwho beat them 3-0 in Osaka.
Midfielder Nathan Sinkala and striker Given Singuluma started the match before they were substituted in the 69th and 46 minutes respectively.
Sinkala earned himself a yellow card in the 12th minute.
Kalaba meanwhile started the match from the bench and replaced Sinkala.
Sinkala and Kalaba are tournament debutants while this is Singuluma’s second World Cup Cup outing.
Mazembe will leave Japan after a play-off match on December 16 against Mexican giants Club America.
FILE: UPND president Hakainde Hichilema following proceedings during the meeting to demand for the release of the draft Zambia constitution.
UPND leader Hakainde Hichilema has revealed that the PF Government intends to issue a new statutory instrument that will introduce foreign exchange controls.
Mr. Hichilema said the PF government is planning to combine the revoked statutory instruments number 33 and 55 and issue a new statutory instrument number 77 that will restrict the flow of foreign exchange.
‘You know what they are planning to do now, they are planning to introduce exchange controls, going back to what damaged the Kwacha to bring Kwacha to the collapse that it is today, it was S1 33 and 55 and now they want to bring SI 77 or something like that,’ Mr Hichilema said.
He added, ‘This new SI will bring back exchange controls which mean cutting the supply side of dollars in an import dependent economy, it doesn’t support the local currency and it merely damages the local currency.’
‘This damages the local economy and that is why you are seeing the Kwacha has collapsed now because of those controls. So they haven’t stabilised the rate of the exchange unless people are not able to analyse. You will see more pressure as they introduce foreign exchange controls.’
Meanwhile, the Kwacha has slipped back to more than K11, 000 against a single USD.Commercial banks have stopped giving loans because of low cash levels and high interest rates prevailing on the market.
The Bankers Association of Zambia last week warned that key sectors of the country will start getting hurt if the current high interest rates and lack of liquidity in the market is allowed to hold for too long.
BAZ chairman Clergy Simatyaba explained that commercial banks in the country had stopped lending because they did not have cash to lend out.
“That is happening at the moment purely because in order to stabilise the local currency, monetary policy has been tightened and tightening of monetary policy means there is no liquidity in the market,” Simatyaba said. “So if there is no liquidity in the market, I will not just give out a loan. So banks are restructuring their balance sheets and not giving out loans because of the tightening of the monetary policy. Funds have been siphoned out to try and protect the local currency.”
He said surging interest rates in the country made it very difficult for banks to lend.
“The fact that general interest rates in the market have gone up and the Bank of Zambia overnight lending facility is now at 25.5 per cent means before I can consider any client right now for a loan, I must be pretty sure the client is going to pay,” Simatyaba said. “I am not just going to issue a loan because a client wants a loan.”
He said lack of liquidity in the market was likely to stifle growth the longer it was allowed to hold.
“The downside is that economic activity will slow down and that is what the policy is trying to achieve because when there is economic slowdown, then, there is not so much demand for foreign exchange and then it stabilises,” said Simatyaba. “We really wanted the currency to stabilise as a country, so it cannot go for too long because then other sectors start suffering but at least in the short term, you would have stabilised the currency… but banks are not issuing loans at the moment because of the tight liquidity conditions and the high interest rates now prevailing.”
By last month, the kwacha had dropped by 55 per cent this year against the dollar as falling metal prices, a power crisis and widening budget deficit affect the economy badly, resulting to rising inflation of up to 19.5 per cent this year.
In an attempt to contain the historic fall of the kwacha, the Bank of Zambia (BoZ) tightened the monetary policy environment in the country by increasing its benchmark lending policy rate to
15.5 per cent in November from 12.5 per cent, after raising the statutory reserve ratio to 18 per cent earlier in the year from 14 per cent.
The Central Bank wanted to make the kwacha difficult to access so that it stems demand for foreign currency in the domestic market.
But the scarcity of the kwacha at the disposal of the commercial banks to lend out has thrown out some local entrepreneurs and individual customers, who fear that their plans of expanding their businesses or just refinancing their loans has been hurt.
THE Kasama High Court has sentenced a 27-year-old prisoner of Milima State Prison to 25 years imprisonment with hard labour for sodomising a fellow inmate.
Ms Justice Yvonne Chembe sent John Mulenga to prison after finding him guilty of sodomy.
Particulars of the offence are that on May 22 this year Mulenga had carnal knowledge of a 20-year-old fellow inmate against the order of nature in Kasama.
Ms Justice Chembe noted that Mulenga had been charged with a serious offence which carried a minimum sentence of 25 years.
Defence counsel from the Legal Aid Board Keith Katazo begged the court to be lenient with Mulenga because he was youthful and capable of reforming if given a second chance.
“I have heard what counsel has pleaded on your behalf. But my hands are tied as this offence carries a minimum of 25 years. I accordingly sentence you to 25 years imprisonment with hard labour with effect from December 7, 2015,” Ms Justice Chembe said.
She granted Mulenga leave to appeal to the Supreme Court within 14 days if he did not agree with the sentence.
During trial, the victim told the court that he was sleeping in the same bed with Mulenga when around 01:00 hours, whilst in deep sleep, he felt Mulenga sexually assault him from behind.
Mazimba told the court that when he woke up from his sleep, he shoved Mulenga off and immediately reported the matter to the cell captain.
The court heard that the victim was taken to the prison clinic where he was examined and the report indicated that his anus had signs of having been sexually violated.
Mulenga was then arrested and charged with sodomy.
But Mulenga denied the charge alleging that he had been falsely accused.
The opposition United Party for National Development (UPND) has described the performance of the PF Government in the year 2015 as ‘disastrous’.
UPND Chairman for Rural Reconstruction and Development Moono Mapani says it is a known fact that most sectors have suffered shocks under the PF administration more especially after taking over from late President Michael Sata.
Mr. Mapani says the Agriculture, Mining, Education, Health, Manufacturing and Economic sectors have been limping under the PF.
He says it is therefore important that the PF should take a sober reflection on what they have achieved this year saying their performance has been below par.
He adds that farmers have been subjected to inhuman treatment by the government and that the distribution of the farming inputs and the paying of farmers who sold their maize to FRA has been another nightmare for the hard working farmers.
Mr. Mapani says this year alone, has seen so many miners loosing jobs because of poor policies by the PF Government and that farmers have failed to cope up with life due to the current social and economical challenges in the country.
STRAIGHT-TALKING dancehall musician Petersen has come out strongly against local radio stations, arguing that their playlists are not representative of the Zambian musical landscape.
In a posting on his Facebook page, Petersen says listening to local radio is like listening to Western/African radio as some of them just watch MTV Base, Channel O or Trace TV and then shift the whole playlist onto their respective radio playlists.
He says this scenario has caused a lot of new and up-and-coming artistes to start singing American, Naija or South African sound-influenced songs, which again the same radio presenters pour scorn on.
Petersen, who recently released his latest album King Solomon, has a question for proprietors of radio stations. “Radio Station owners; what criteria do you use when conducting your employment interviews? Oliver Mtukudzi, Fela Kuti, Salif Keita, Meiway, Ringo Madlingozi, Jose Chameleon etc are great sons of the mother continent but are rare on Zambian Radio. Is it the age of the presenters or the type of music these presenters consider good?” he asks. “Angela Nyirenda, James Chamanyazi, Exile, Sakala Bothers, myself, Mweshi Mulusa, Kings Malembe Malembe, Scarlet, Danny Kaya etc ain’t having as much radio airplay. Should we all move with the time and musical trends by switching the sound? Should Levy Sakala, JK and Ballad Zulu start rapping for them to be on your radio playlists or on your top 10 countdowns? “Or maybe the question should be; what’s wrong with having radio presenters like Danny Peddle (Motherland Vibes), Kalumba The Smash, Isaac Mulinda, Ricky Banda, Ken Mind Blower, Mo Funky, Gesh, DJ CJ, Chilu Lemba, Life, Jack Mwale, Lady MC and the likes of the Late LBC (MHSRIP) – Heavy Rotation? Please re-design your airplay; its average and one-sided right now.”
As you would expect from Petersen, he is not apologetic. “I write this not to appreciate all the good and positive things you deserve to be respected and appreciated for, but to point out and enlighten you on what your radio stations lack. I’m here writing on the aspect I feel 70 percent of you are missing out,” he says. “I am also not here to discredit the young and youthful radio presenters or personnel you have all employed at your respectful media organisations but to mention the consequences and everything that comes with fellow Zambians born in the late 80’s and early 90’s. This age range is important and needed in showbiz because they possess new sounds and touch, but if you gonna fill your employment list with presenters who are hip hop (American music) -oriented, then your radio station is monotonous (lacks variety).”
God never gets it wrong. His timing is always right!
It is only our perception of things that is usually wrong. We hardly understand things. And death is one of them.It is so unfortunate that he died, we say about the passing of someone we knew.
Utter nonsense!
What is so unfortunate is not the passing itself but, that whilst the now dead person lived, we never saw them, never fully appreciated their presence.Kindly note that God reveals Himself through all the people we come in contact with. This happens everyday everywhere in the world.When we see Him through them we are supposed to then become His witnesses.But often we miss this.
That we miss it is the most unfortunate thing about our existence. It is one of the saddest things in the world today.
Pilgrim, kindly note that the only thing that makes sense in this life, whether you agree or not, is to live in accordance with our Maker’s will […God’s will]. Read this again and again. Then understand its meaning. It will take you a while but please do.
Dr.Banda discussing death with UPNdD and president Hakainde Hichilema and GBM at the funeral of Kuchunga Simusamba
This is what I told Hakainde Hichilema today:
‘Kuchunga Simusamba was one of the UPND’s finest warriors. He stood by you for many years. He saw through you a better Zambia. He was one of your most ardent and vocal advocates.
He stood by you. He wanted you to be the Republican President of Zambia.He was brave. He was intelligent. He was diligent. He was fearless. He valued merit. He was a thinker. He was a strategist. He persevered. He was the counterbalance that you need.The greatest tribute you will pay this man is to be aware of the values that Kuchunga Simusamba represented and for you to promote them.You are what you are today partly because of the life of this man.God revealed Himself before you through this man.‘A quiet and pensive Hakainde Hichilema just stared at me.
We are here today; and gone tomorrow, my friends.We are all Pilgrims.We are all God’s vessels, specifically designed and made to manifest only His magnificence.
The only thing that makes sense for you and me, Pilgrim, is OBEDIENCE.
Life is a relay. We are members of one team. We must each play our roles. And we must do this well. The victory that we shall attain in the end belongs to all of us. And though the end result is a veritable product of our collective effort, it is not possible for all of us to witness the end.
Run your race, Pilgrim. Fight you fight, Pilgrim.
Serve your purpose…and be at peace with your lot, service.Soon, your hour of departure will also come. That is just the way it is.When your purpose is served, God will detach you. He will withdraw you.Nonetheless, your spirit will remain.Death is an integral part of life.Take heed, Pilgrim.
Kuchunga Simusamba was one of the best chess players Zambia has ever produced. He represented his country well at many fora at home and abroad […Russia, etc]. Ask Amon Simutowe and Chitalu Chilufya […Deputy Minister of Health].May His Spirit Continue To Inspire Us [MHSCTIU].Don’t talk to me about MHSRIP! That’s nonsense! Ask me next time you see me!
Take my hand, Pilgrim. We have got our fight to fight; our baton to run with.
Aluta continua!
I cannot think of any reason (rational or otherwise) for a constitutional Article or Clause requiring the Republican president to appoint government ministers from elected or nominated Members of Parliament (MPs).
Apart from our failure to discern the benefits of a constitutional Article or Clause that provides for appointments of government ministers from MPs, and our apparent resistance to change, the opposition to the proposal concerning the appointment of ministers from the general public at large seems to be aimed at according greater control of the legislative arm of the government by the Republican president through ministers, and protecting the president from impeachment.
McDonald Chipenzi, for example, has quoted Ms. Mutale Nalumango as having said that the government rejected the recommendation to appoint ministers from outside parliament, saying doing so would put the president in a precarious position because he or she would have no control over parliament and, in the case of an impeachment motion, he or she would be vulnerable. (McDonald Chipenzi, “Government Rejects Recommendation by ERTC to Reduce Voting Age,” The Post Online, February 26, 2005.)
Impeachment is a damn good thing if and when a president is in violation of constitutional provisos, or when he or she engages in irregular behavior that is likely to tarnish the country’s image. As such, “impeachment” is a viable mechanism for peacefully replacing corrupt and incompetent leaders.
And the argument that it would be difficult for ministers who are appointed from outside Parliament to execute their duties as they would not understand issues affecting people at the grassroots tells us volumes about the emptiness of some of the government officials who are appointed to serve the people. This kind of thinking is snobbish, and it is clearly an insult to so many competent and hardworking Zambians who actually understand the problems facing the citizenry and are diligently serving their fellow citizens every day in various positions, but are not MPs.
One does not really need to be an MP in order to understand the socioeconomic problems facing the common people. It is, therefore, foolish for anyone to belittle the intellect and competence of Zambians who are not MPs to effectively serve their fellow citizens in ministerial positions.
There is actually the possibility that the ruling political party would want to use the Articles and Clauses relating to the appointment of government ministers as a campaign tool by telling voters that they should not vote for presidential candidates from political parties which do not have a majority in parliament, because such candidates will have problems in finding competent individuals among their few MPs to form government.
I admire the USA in this regard, where members of the president’s cabinet are not elected members of the U.S. Senate. And there are no nominated members of Senate or Congress! And all the members of Senate (and Congress) are directly elected by the people!
Of course not all aspects of the American system of governance are good enough to be emulated, such as the use of what is referred to as the “electoral college”—that is, a small number of representatives elected by voters in each of the 50 states to elect the country’s president and vice president, and which essentially provides for only 2 presidential candidates.
The appointment of the Vice President, Provincial Ministers and Deputy Ministers should be from Zambians who are qualified to be elected as Members of Parliament, but who are not Members of Parliament for the following reasons:
(a) It can afford a Republican president or President-elect a larger pool of competent people from which he or she can appoint ministers;
(b) It can provide for greater separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches of the government;
(c) It can afford presidential aspirants enough time to identify potential ministerial appointees well before tripartite elections rather than waiting for parliamentary elections to be concluded;
(d) It can lead to the distribution of income to more citizens and thereby reduce existing income disparities;
(e) It can reduce the apparent work overload on government officials who have to handle both ministerial and parliamentary functions; and
(f) It can correct the anomaly that a government official can be accountable to an institution of which he or she is a bona fide member, as stipulated in Article 51 of the 1996 Republican constitution, which states that “The Cabinet and Deputy Ministers shall be accountable collectively to the National Assembly.”
The Republican president can still be required to nominate at most ten members of the general public from groups which are ordinarily under-represented in Parliament, including women, the youth, the elderly, the handicapped, and chieftains.
The author, Mr. Henry Kyambalesa, is a Zambian academic currently residing in the City and County of Denver in the State of Colorado, USA.
