By Parkie Mbozi

The News Diggers of 11^th March 2019 carried a story in which the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry Information and Broadcasting Services (MIBS) roundly condemned our national broadcaster, the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC), for biased coverage.

The story was titled, “Kasolo Tells off US Embassy: Talk to Trump about media freedom”. He was reported to have been made the comments during the “Let The People Talk’ programme on Radio Phoenix. After reading through, I felt the article could have as well been titled, “Kasolo Tells off ZNBC: Go Back to Your Basics”. This is the most scathing attack of ZNBC by a serving government official, more so the ‘Chief Executive Officer’ (CEO) of MIBS. What more does ZNBC need to hear in order to arise and indeed go back to the basics of professionalism. Let’s pose for a second and analyse Mr. Kasolo comments in detail and put them into the context of the ethos of a Public Service Broadcasting (PSB), which ZNBC has been sloganeering to be, every news time.

First, Mr. Kasolo says, “I was there two days ago. I was speaking to the Director of Programmes and also my good friend who runs the Sunday Interview Mr. Zulu (Grevazio) and I said to them, it’s about time we started improving our outlook and image of ZNBC. We must allow the opposition to come on certain programmes and also out their views. We must allow debate between opposition and ruling party MPs and Ministers. And I know that my honourable Minister (Dora) Siliya is very keen that we do that. We discussed at length.”

Confirming ZNBC’s loss of one key media principle – credibility – Mr. Kasolo further said, “We need to bring back ZNBC to where it was a trusted source. At the moment everyone is suspicious of them. They are looking at them and saying, ‘no they are biased’.” To lose trust, as the Mr Kasolo implies, also means losing believability; it means people don’t believe what ZNBC reports on. Hence, what a waste of ZNBC’s resources (time, financial, materials etc) and of those of the audiences, the poor Zambians who are made to pay TV levies, if its content (News and otherwise) can’t even be believed? Any medium which loses believability and overall credibility is as good as not being there.

Referring to the infamous malady called ‘hierarchical news order’, which we have been subjected to for years, Mr. Kasolo added, “His Excellency the President, has stated himself and he is on record that why should it be Edgar, Edgar, Edgar? Why can’t they bring other people on, including the opposition.”

What more instructions do our colleagues at ZNBC want? What excuse will they give henceforth for unbalanced, unfair, selective (and you name it) coverage? Let’s take Mr. Kasolo for his word. Let’s give him the benefit of doubt; that he means what he says. Actually, if ZNBC thought they were doing anyone a favour, they have got what the English call a ‘Kick in the teeth’. Bakusambilani. You are on your own, disowned and exposed. You are now taking all the heat and from now on the Zambian people will heap all the blame on you if you fail to do the right thing – to be ALWAYS professional and ethical. Mr Kasolo’s rebuke should be construed as an indictment on the professional integrity of the entire rank and file of ZNBC. It is actually shameful and unbefitting of our national broadcaster to be educated on what they should know best. Should there be any doubts about where ZNBC goes from now and the things they need to do and/or avoid, here are a few tips:

Professional Ethics: Back to basics! Stick to professional ethics, which are taught to anyone entering the journalism profession. These are enshrined in Codes of Ethics of self-regulatory bodies (Media Councils) or Press Ombudsmen, wherever they exist world-wide. For a refresher, the key principles are: fairness, objectivity, accuracy, balance, truthfulness, impartiality and factual. Merely sticking to these would save ZNBC the humiliation it has just experienced. It is these values that tough-tested journalism professionals swear to protect and defend, even when so-doing means going to jail or losing a job for.

Lessons abound how the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), the famed model of PSB globally, fought to protect these values through strikes, petitions, court actions, boycotts, etc when the British Government tried to gag them over coverage of the Irish Republican Army, in particular Bobby Sands’ hunger strike in 1981 and the IRA leader Gerry Adams on a number of occasions.

On the flip side, it is these values that see those who stick by them stand the ‘test of time’. In the case of ZNBC and other public media, the ‘test of time’ would be to survive ‘regime change’. We crave a time when the heads of public media would serve different governments. We want to experience it in our life time.

Adherence to PSB principles. To be respected as a national broadcaster is not by self-acclamation. It is EARNED by adhering to the PSB principles (all ZNBC staff are expected to know them). Two of the eight PSB principles, firmly based on classic Reithian model, are: providing “space for free expression and open debate” and providing “objective and impartial information and news.”

Principle 4, ‘editorial Independence’, demands that the broadcaster should be recognised as autonomous in the eyes of ALL stakeholders. It must practice editorial independence “in order to protect and enhance free expression and the journalistic and creative functions” and must insulate itself against external pressures (political, financial, commercial, etc) and internal pressures (self-censorship, managements control, etc).

The African Broadcasting Charter seeks, among other issues, the transformation of all state controlled broadcasters into public service broadcasters who should serve the public interest and be accountable to all sections of society through balanced and inclusive reporting.

Adherence to ZNBC Act: Even with the Amendments of 2010, the principle of inclusivity which was enshrined in the ZNBC Act of 2002 is still there in black and white. Section 7 of the Act spells out the functions of ZNBC. The relevant sub-sections read, 7. (1) (a) provide varied and balanced programming for all sections of the populations; (b) serve the public interest; (e) contribute to the development of free and informed opinions and as such, constitute an important element of the democratic process; (f) reflect, as comprehensively as possible, the range of opinions and political, philosophical, religious, scientific, and artistic trends. These are self-explanatory, so I leave it there in the interest of space.

Finally, Mr Kasolo says even the President is not happy to be No. 1 news item all the time. Again, this is something ZNBC should know best. It is all about basic definition of news, which should guide news rooms, editors’ diaries, etc. What he was referring to here is the abominable practice called ‘hierarchical news order’. It means placing news and so-called news stories hierarchically according to the political hierarchy of those in government. The Late Prof Kasoma wrote and taught extensively on the menace during the UNIP (totalitarian) days. How can this continue in a democracy?

When all is said and done, there is no going back for ZNBC. The narrative, logic and mood are all clear. If they are not, print copies of the speech and paste in newsrooms, situation rooms, boardrooms, etc. If there will be any other counter-instructions from anyone else – given the limited ‘shelf life’ of politicians and their appointees, refer to this particular instruction. If need be, learn from the BBC or from how you have handled labour-related matters all along.

The power is in your hands!

The author is media and communication scholar, research fellow and PhD candidate based in South Africa.

By Eng Kumbukilani Phiri

For the past few days I have been restricting myself from commenting on the matter concerning the Presidents call to relevant institutions created to promote youth entrepreneurship to show cause or risk being reshuffled or fired.

Speaking in Kabwe during the Central Province Patriotic Front Conference, President Lungu cautioned against the laissez-faire attitude most institutions mandated to help and support youth entrepreneurs show. The President called for immediate action failure to which he was going to reshuffle or fire some of them.

As a youth entrepreneur, when I listened to the President’s speech, I was filled with joy to the extent that I even shed a tear. For a number of times, I have bemoaned our lack of drive as a country to support local entrepreneurship. Most of the time, we have heard government officials boasting about inviting foreigners to come and invest in Zambia. This has always made me wonder whether Zambians are incapable of being investors in their own country. Most policies have been crafted and designed to attract foreign investors with tax holidays that go for many years, yet, local investors no matter the size of their investment do not enjoy similar incentives. Local investors are made to start paying taxes right from their first day of operations. Similarly, due to this discrimination in policy development that somehow favour foreign investors, even financial institutions in the country tend to be more supportive to foreign investors than to the local ones. I have seen some foreigners come with nothing, pick up a business idea locally, go to financial institutions and get funded, yet many locals have brilliant ideas which are never operationalized and end up going to the grave with the owners. It is just appalling.

Coming back to the Presidents call for support to youth entrepreneurs, I was reluctant to comment on this matter due to my own personal experiences as a local entrepreneur. In 2017, I had the worst experience of my life as a local businessman. To date, I am still shocked and traumatized at what I went through. To make matters worse, its now almost two years since that fateful day when our hope and investment got shattered by our fellow Zambians, but still to date no progress has been made for us to recover anything and probably allow us to invest in any of our many ideas that we have.

Prior to 2017, I had managed to build a very thriving business founding and managing three companies. One was involved in construction and real estate development, the other was involved in import and wholesaling of foreign products, and the last one was formed as a diversification into timber processing and export. The diversification into timber processing and export is what brought all the misery in my business life. Some of you may still remember the lamentations and pleas I made to see to it that at least, those of us who had invested genuinely and were operating within the law were given a fair treatment and if anything supported to build our businesses according to what the government wanted at the time. To cut the long story short, my company Green Lake Zambia Limited applied and was given a concession licence to harvest and process timber in Isoka. This was after meeting all the requirements that also included an Environmental Project Brief and consent from both the Chief and the local council. When the Minister addressed us and told us that no timber was going to leave Zambia unless it was at least processed into four corners, my company obliged and went further to acquire equipment to process the timber. However, after harvesting and processing the timber and just before getting an export permit for our first consignment, government banned the harvest and trade in Mukula and all export of timber unless in finished product form. This all happened when we had already made a huge investment in millions of Kwacha that left our bank account dry. The decision to ban harvesting and trade in Mukula could perhaps be justified given the rampant illegal dealings at the time. However, special consideration should have been put in place to secure investments for legal and genuine licence holding companies. This was never done and companies like ours suffered major losses and continue to suffer to date.

When the ban was effected, there was no prior communication to the concession licence holders as required by law. To our surprise we just saw security wings coming to our processing site and saying there was a ban on harvesting and processing of timber. They even arrested four of my innocent workers despite showing them that we were not operating illegally.

At the time all this was happening, I was abroad on a business trip which I had to abort and flew to Isoka via Mbeya in Tanzania. After four days in cells and after being denied bond, we finally managed to secure bail from the court for our four workers. Thanks to the three brave Isoka residents who came to our help despite being threatened by some local officials there. The case went on for 17 months, but the people who arrested my workers failed to prosecute the case until the magistrate decided to discontinue it. During this whole time, my workers were driving from Lusaka to Isoka every month spending thousands of Kwacha to go and appear in court just for a mention. I tried everything I could to seek answers and help from all the officials I knew. However, nobody seemed to have any answers or means to help.

What makes me cry to date is that, despite eventually understanding that we were victims of circumstances, nobody seemed bothered about our predicament. Worse still, nobody seemed bothered that a fellow Zambian had lost a huge investment that could be used to invest in other areas and create employment for the many unemployed Zambians especially the youths.

During the time when all this was happening, we were treated like common criminals. The security wings refused to look at our documentation and took our timber and dumped it at the DCs office together with timber from illegal operators. Surprisingly, it was not long before ZAFFICO came with Chinese buyers to load some of the timber that was dumped at the DCs office. Very shocking indeed. The remaining timber still rots at the DCs office having gone through many seasons of rains and hot weather eventually losing all the market value and can only be good for firewood at the moment.

When It became very clear to me that there was no one who was going to help me, I started panicking and ended up writing an open letter to President Edgar Chagwa Lungu that appeared as a feature story in the Daily Nation of the 4th of October, 2017 and was widely circulated among many online news platforms. I received calls from both Zambians and foreigners from all over the world. Many Zambians in the diaspora were very concerned about how I was treated, many feared that the same thing would happen to them if they decided to bring their hard-earned money to invest in the county. The truth is that, I came back to Zambia as an investor only that I was not a foreigner as Zambia is my own country.

I called for the Presidents help because I had tried to seek answers and solutions from the government officers, Directors, Permanent Secretaries, Ministers, etc., but none seemed to have any. To me it was clear that only the President being the most powerful man in the country would help me. Unfortunately, maybe due to his busy schedule, the President may not have seen my open letter to him as I never got any feedback from him or those around him. Maybe the people who were supposed to show him the open letter never bothered because it was a Zambian investor crying for help and not a foreigner. For all I know, President Lungu is a very caring leader who would have called me or instructed those mandated to deal with such issues to quickly find a solution for us. He just recently called a young artist who had made a portrait of him and offered to buy her paintings, which clearly shows that he very much cares about the talent and plight of the youths and I can never claim to be an exception. Sadly, to date our issue has remained unresolved and nothing from our investment has been recovered.

Now that the President has spoken and warned those that are not helping youth entrepreneurs like myself, my hope has been ignited that perhaps our issue will now be looked at with the seriousness it deserves.

Many of you may be wondering why we have not gone to court as a company. Firstly, when this thing happened, we had invested all our money in the business and remained with nothing to pay any lawyer. Secondly, four of our workers were still appearing in court. We wanted the case to be resolved first before we could think of anything else. Thirdly, I have so much trust and hope in our President as a father of the nation. I was so sure that after writing that open letter to him, once he got wind of it, a solution was going to be found. This is the more reason I am writing this article with confidence that at least now that he has made a stance, perhaps he will get to read this and help us find a solution. To be honest, we have brilliant ideas that we would like to implement and employee many more Zambians than the over a hundred our company has now.

My principle is that, instead of just being critical of government to provide all of us with employment, I decided to be creative and innovative enough to create employment for myself and other youths to supplement government effort.

Finally, I am still pleading with President Lungu to consider meeting some of us from the youths who have made a choice to venture into entrepreneurship. Your Excellency, any help you will render to the youths now will stand out as your legacy when you finally decide to retire one day.

God bless

The Author is the Chief Executive Officer Green Lake Zambia Limited